Scala 只接受列表中的字符串或 Int 泛型案例类



>我有一个案例类定义如下

case class ChooseBoxData[T](index:T, text:String)

是否可以声明一个列表,以便列表只接受 ChooseBoxData[String] 和 ChooseBoxData[Int] 的类型?

我所期望的是这样的:

val specialList:List[some type declaration] = List(
ChooseBoxData[String]("some string","some string"),/* allow, because is ChooseBoxData[String]*/
ChooseBoxData[Int](12,"some string"), /* also allow, because is ChooseBoxData[Int]*/
ChooseBoxData[Boolean](true,"some string")/* not allow type other than ChooseBoxData[String] or ChooseBoxData[Int]*/
)

可能是这样的事情:

trait AllowableBoxData  
object AllowableBoxData {
private of[T](cbd: ChooseBoxData[T]) = new ChooseBoxData(cbd.index, cbd.text) 
with AllowableBoxData
implicit def ofInt(cbd: ChooseBoxData[Int]) = of(cbd)
implicit def ofString(cbd: ChooseBoxData[String]) = of(cbd)
}

现在你可以做这样的事情

val list: List[ChooseBoxData[_] with AllowableBoxData] = List(ChooseBoxData("foo", "bar"), ChooseBoxData(0, "baz")

但不是val list: List[AllowableBoxData] = List(ChooseBoxData(false, "baz"))

此外,如果您希望声明函数参数而不仅仅是变量,那么将有一个更优雅的解决方案:

trait CanUse[T]
implicit case object CanUseInt extends CanUse[Int]
implicit case object CanUseString extends CanUse[String]
def foo[T : CanUse](bar: List[ChooseBoxData[T]])

这是我想到的:

首先,我们创建以下代数数据类型 (ADT):

sealed trait StringInt
case class Stringy(s : String) extends StringInt
case class Inty(s : Int) extends StringInt

并按如下方式定义ChoooseBoxData

case class ChooseBoxData(index : StringInt, text : String)

然后,我们定义以下隐式,以将范围内的IntString转换为定义的 ADT:

object CBImplicits {
implicit def conv(u : String) = Stringy(u)
implicit def conv2(u : Int) = Inty(u)
}

现在,我们可以强制执行问题中的要求。下面是一个示例:

import CBImplicits._
val list = List(ChooseBoxData("str", "text"),
ChooseBoxData(1, "text"),
ChooseBoxData(true, "text"))

尝试运行上述内容时,编译器将抱怨类型不匹配。但这将编译并运行:

List(
ChooseBoxData("str", "text"),
ChooseBoxData(1, "text"),
ChooseBoxData(12, "text2"))

这导致:

a: List[ChooseBoxData] = 
List(ChooseBoxData(Stringy(str),text), ChooseBoxData(Inty(1),text), ChooseBoxData(Inty(12),text2))

这保留了index类型信息(当然StringInt超类型包装),以后可以使用单个元素的模式匹配轻松提取这些信息。

删除所有元素的包装器也很容易,但这会导致index类型变得Any这是我们所期望的,因为Any是 Scala 类层次结构中StringInt的最低共同祖先。

编辑:使用无形状的解决方案

import shapeless._
import syntax.typeable._
case class ChooseBoxData[T](index : T, text : String)
val a = ChooseBoxData(1, "txt")
val b = ChooseBoxData("str", "txt")
val c = ChooseBoxData(true, "txt")
val list = List(a, b, c)
val `ChooseBoxData[Int]` = TypeCase[ChooseBoxData[Int]]
val `ChooseBoxData[String]` = TypeCase[ChooseBoxData[String]]
val res = list.map {
case `ChooseBoxData[Int]`(u) => u
case `ChooseBoxData[String]`(u) => u
case _ => None
}
//result
res: List[Product with Serializable] = List(ChooseBoxData(1,txt), ChooseBoxData(str,txt), None)

因此,它允许编译,但会用None替换无效实例(如果需要,可以使用该实例来引发运行时错误),或者您可以直接过滤您想要使用的实例:

list.flatMap(x => x.cast[ChooseBoxData[Int]])
//results in:
List[ChooseBoxData[Int]] = List(ChooseBoxData(1,txt))

您可以在案例类之上构建额外的约束。

import language.implicitConversions
case class ChooseBoxData[T](index:T, text:String)
trait MySpecialConstraint[T] {
def get: ChooseBoxData[T]
}
implicit def liftWithMySpecialConstraintString(cbd: ChooseBoxData[String]) =
new MySpecialConstraint[String] {
def get = cbd
}
implicit def liftWithMySpecialConstraintInt(cbd: ChooseBoxData[Int]) =
new MySpecialConstraint[Int] {
def get = cbd
}

// Now we can just use this constraint for out list 
val l1: List[MySpecialConstraint[_]] = List(ChooseBoxData("A1", "B1"), ChooseBoxData(2, "B2"))

为什么你不能这样做:

object solution extends App {
case class ChooseBoxData[T](index: T, text: String) extends GenericType[T]
trait GenericType[T] {
def getType(index: T, text: String): ChooseBoxData[T] = ChooseBoxData[T](index, text)
}
val specialList = List(
ChooseBoxData[String]("some string", "some string"),
ChooseBoxData[Int](12, "some string"), 
ChooseBoxData[Boolean](true, "some string")
)
println(specialList)
}
//output: List(ChooseBoxData(some string,some string), ChooseBoxData(12,some string), ChooseBoxData(true,some string))

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