我正在使用nginx作为反向代理，这是我配置中的一个片段，它将/api调用下的任何内容路由到内部API服务器：
# API server
location /api {
if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
return 204;
}
# Proxy settings
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://my.api-server.com
# Error handlers
error_page 504 /errors/504.json;
# CORS headers
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
add_header 'Allow' '*' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Referrer, User-Agent, Authorization, X-Impersonate-As, X-Request-Context' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Authorization, X-Request-Id, X-Server-Time' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 3628800;
}
但是现在我想允许一个规则缓存一个特定的反向代理路由（比如 TTL = 30 分钟的 /api/foo/bar），我尝试了这个：
location /api {
if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
return 204;
}
if ($request_uri ~* /api/foo/bar) {
proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;
add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
}
....
但是，这是行不通的。最好的方法是什么？
编辑：
完整服务器配置：
user nginx;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
gzip on;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_types text/plain
text/xml
text/css
text/javascript
application/json
application/javascript
application/x-javascript
application/ecmascript
application/xml
application/rss+xml
application/atom+xml
application/rdf+xml
application/xml+rss
application/xhtml+xml
application/x-font-ttf
application/x-font-opentype
application/vnd.ms-fontobject
image/svg+xml
image/x-icon
application/atom_xml;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.1 TLSv1;
keepalive_timeout 60;
proxy_connect_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
send_timeout 60;
client_max_body_size 100M;
proxy_cache_path /dev/shm levels=1:2 keys_zone=mcache:16m inactive=600s max_size=512m;
proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD;
proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
proxy_cache_key "$request_method$host$request_uri";
proxy_cache_use_stale timeout updating;
proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
server {
listen 80;
server_name my.company.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 http2 default_server ssl;
server_name my.company.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.key;
ssl on;
# API server
location /api {
if ($request_method = OPTIONS) {
return 204;
}
# Proxy settings
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://internal-api-server;
# Error handlers
error_page 504 /errors/504.json;
if ($request_uri ~* /api/foo/bar) {
proxy_cache_bypass 0;
proxy_no_cache 0;
proxy_cache mcache; # mcache=RAM
proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;
proxy_cache_valid 403 404 5m;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_use_stale timeout updating;
add_header X-Proxy-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
}
# CORS headers
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*' always;
add_header 'Allow' '*' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Origin, X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Accept, Referrer, User-Agent, Authorization, X-Impersonate-As, X-Request-Context' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' 'Authorization, X-Info-Resources' always;
add_header 'Access-Control-Max-Age' 3628800 always;
}
location ^~ /errors/ {
internal;
root /etc/nginx/static-files/;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
有几件事需要研究：
- 默认情况下，Nginx 只缓存 GET 和 HEAD 请求。
- 默认情况下，Nginx不会缓存任何POST或任何带有COOKIE的内容。
要在使用 Cookie 时强制缓存，请执行以下操作：
proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
要使用其他请求方法进行缓存（选择您自己的方法）：
proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD POST PUT DELETE PATCH OPTIONS;
===
编辑：
请尝试以下设置：
On/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
proxy_cache_path /dev/shm levels=1:2 keys_zone=mcache:16m inactive=600s max_size=512m;
proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD;
proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
proxy_cache_key "$request_method$host$request_uri";
proxy_cache_use_stale timeout updating;
proxy_ignore_headers Cache-Control Expires Set-Cookie;
在您的位置块上：
location /api/foo/bar {
proxy_cache_bypass 0;
proxy_no_cache 0;
proxy_cache mcache; # mcache=RAM
proxy_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;
proxy_cache_valid 403 404 5m;
proxy_cache_lock on;
proxy_cache_use_stale timeout updating;
add_header X-Proxy-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
}
确保 Nginx 已重新加载（或停止 + 启动）
service nginx reload
用卷曲测试：
curl -X GET -I https://yoururl
确保指定proxy_cache_path（或者只是不包含在您的示例中？