如何在具有多个键的字典中循环以定义 Pyomo 中的优化问题?

Question

作为优化问题的一部分，我试图在具有多个键的字典中循环(看UNIT_TASKS(。特别是我在循环索引以定义目标和约束时遇到问题，因为 Python 返回"关键错误：('Reactor_2'、'Reaction_3'、'Juan'("。脚本片段如下：

import numpy as np
from pyomo.environ import *
from pyomo.gdp import 
STATES = {
'Feed_A'   : {'capacity': 500, 'initial': 500, 'price':  0},
'Feed_B'   : {'capacity': 500, 'initial': 500, 'price':  0},
'Feed_C'   : {'capacity': 500, 'initial': 500, 'price':  0},
'Hot_A'    : {'capacity': 100, 'initial':   0, 'price': -1},
'Int_AB'   : {'capacity': 200, 'initial':   0, 'price': -1},
'Int_BC'   : {'capacity': 150, 'initial':   0, 'price': -1},
'Impure_E' : {'capacity': 100, 'initial':   0, 'price': -1},
'Product_1': {'capacity': 500, 'initial':   0, 'price': 10},
'Product_2': {'capacity': 500, 'initial':   0, 'price': 10},
}
UNIT_TASKS = {
('Heater',    'Heating', 'Pablo')   : {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax': 100},
('Reactor_1', 'Reaction_1', 'Juan'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80}, 
('Reactor_1', 'Reaction_2', 'Pedro'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80}, 
('Reactor_1', 'Reaction_3', 'Pablo'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80}, 
('Reactor_2', 'Reaction_1', 'Pablo'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80},
('Reactor_2', 'Reaction_2', 'Juan'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80}, 
('Reactor_2', 'Reaction_3', 'Pablo'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax':  80},
('Still',     'Separation', 'Pablo'): {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax': 200}, 
('Heater',    'Heating', 'Juan')   : {'Bmin': 0, 'Bmax': 300}, 
}
TASKS = set([i for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS])
UNITS = set([j for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS])
NAMES = set([k for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS])
TIME = range(0,11)
TIME = np.array(TIME)
model = ConcreteModel()
model.W = Var(TASKS, UNITS, TIME, domain = Boolean)
model.B = Var(TASKS, UNITS, TIME, domain = NonNegativeReals)
model.S = Var(STATES.keys(), TIME, domain = NonNegativeReals)
model.Q = Var(UNITS, TIME, domain = NonNegativeReals)

Bmax = {(i,j,k): UNIT_TASKS[(j,i,k)]['Bmax'] for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS}
UNITS_DIC = {j: set() for j in UNITS}
for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
UNITS_DIC[j].add(i)
UNITS_DIC_N = {j: set() for j in UNITS}
for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
UNITS_DIC_N[j].add(k)
NAMES_DIC = {k: set() for k in NAMES}
for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
NAMES_DIC[k].add(i)
TASKS_DIC = {i: set() for i in TASKS}
for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
TASKS_DIC[i].add(k)
TASKS_DIC_U = {i: set() for i in TASKS}
for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
TASKS_DIC_U[i].add(j)

model.Cost = Var(domain=NonNegativeReals)
model.costc = Constraint(expr = model.Cost == sum([UNIT_TASKS[(j,i,k)]['Bmin']*model.W[i,j,t] 
+ UNIT_TASKS[(j,i,k)]['Bmax']*model.B[i,j,t] for i in TASKS for j in  TASKS_DIC_U[i] for k in UNITS_DIC_N[j]  for t in TIME]))
model.cons = ConstraintList()
for t in TIME:
for j in UNITS:
for i in UNITS_DIC[j]:
for k in TASKS_DIC[i]:
model.cons.add(model.B[i,j,t] <= model.W[i,j,t]*Bmax[i,j,k])

Answer 1

有几件事要清理... :)

首先，当您进行约束时，您将获得关键错误，这是因为您在那里使用了多个"for"表达式，这将创建所有项目的交叉乘积......在侧面尝试一下。

您有一个稀疏的值矩阵，因此您应该仅使用这些值初始化一个集合并使用它。 我也喜欢在制作模型时使用 Pyomo's Set(注意大写的 S(，尽管你可以使用任何一个。

此外，您的指数很难遵循。 如果您使用(i，j，k(，请按该顺序(标准(而不是(j，i，k((混淆(使用它们。 当你有它们时，我喜欢使用更直观的名称......它提高了可读性。

另请注意，在上面的代码中，您在此行中翻转了索引：

Bmax = {(i,j,k): UNIT_TASKS[(j,i,k)]['Bmax'] for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS}

下面是建议的清理。 请注意，您会收到一些"警告"，因为我们正在使用您的部分字典键来制作集合，并且存在一些冗余。

model = ConcreteModel()
model.TASKS = Set(initialize = (i for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS))       # note capital "S" Set for pyomo set
model.UNITS = Set(initialize = (j for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS))
model.NAMES = Set(initialize = (k for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS))
model.UTN = Set(within=model.UNITS * model.TASKS * model.NAMES,
initialize=UNIT_TASKS.keys())           # this is now a Set of the keys (U, T, N)
model.TIMES = Set(initialize=range(0,11))
#TIME = np.array(TIME)

model.W = Var(model.TASKS, model.UNITS, model.TIMES, domain = Boolean)
model.B = Var(model.TASKS, model.UNITS, model.TIMES, domain = NonNegativeReals)
model.S = Var(STATES.keys(), model.TIMES, domain = NonNegativeReals)
model.Q = Var(model.UNITS, model.TIMES, domain = NonNegativeReals)

Bmax = {key: UNIT_TASKS[key]['Bmax'] for key in model.UTN}   # NOTE:  YOU HAD FLIPPED (i,j,k) -> (j, i, k)
# none of these "helper" dictionaries should be required!!  You should be able to delete these lines
# UNITS_DIC = {j: set() for j in UNITS}         # UNIT: {TASKS}
# for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
#     UNITS_DIC[j].add(i)
# UNITS_DIC_N = {j: set() for j in UNITS}   # UNIT: {NAMES}
# for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
#     UNITS_DIC_N[j].add(k)
# NAMES_DIC = {k: set() for k in NAMES}     # NAME: {TASKS}
# for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
#     NAMES_DIC[k].add(i)
# TASKS_DIC = {i: set() for i in TASKS}     # TASK: {NAMES}
# for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
#     TASKS_DIC[i].add(k)
# TASKS_DIC_U = {i: set() for i in TASKS}       # TASK: {UNITS}
# for (j,i,k) in UNIT_TASKS:
#     TASKS_DIC_U[i].add(j)
# for k in UNIT_TASKS:
#   print (k,  UNIT_TASKS[k])
model.Cost = Var(domain=NonNegativeReals)
model.costc = Constraint(expr = model.Cost == sum(    UNIT_TASKS[(u,t,n)]['Bmin']*model.W[t,u,time] 
+ UNIT_TASKS[(u,t,n)]['Bmax']*model.B[t,u,time] 
for u,t,n in model.UTN
for time in model.TIMES))