命令历史记录单元的意外行为



我编写了这样的模块来存储我的绘画应用程序中图片的最后更改" 在德尔福

    unit HistoryQueue;
    interface
    uses
      Graphics;
   type
myHistory = class
  constructor Create(Size:Integer);
  public
    procedure Push(Bmp:TBitmap);
    function Pop():TBitmap;
    procedure Clean();
    procedure Offset();
    function isEmpty():boolean;
    function isFull():boolean;
    function getLast():TBitmap;
  protected
    historyQueueArray: array of TBitmap;
    historyIndex, hSize:Integer;
  end;
implementation
procedure myHistory.Push(Bmp:TBitmap);
var tbmp:TBitmap;
begin
  if(not isFull) then begin
      Inc(historyIndex);
      historyQueueArray[historyIndex]:=TBitmap.Create;
      historyQueueArray[historyIndex].Assign(bmp);
  end else begin
      Offset();
      historyQueueArray[historyIndex]:=TBitmap.Create;
      historyQueueArray[historyIndex].Assign(bmp);
  end;
end;
procedure myHistory.Clean;
var i:Integer;
begin
{  for i:=0 to hSize do begin
    historyQueueArray[i].Free;
    historyQueueArray[i].Destroy;
  end;        }
end;
constructor myHistory.Create(Size:Integer);
begin
  hSize:=Size;
  SetLength(historyQueueArray, hSize);
  historyIndex:=-1;
end;
function myHistory.isEmpty: boolean;
begin
  Result:=(historyIndex = -1);
end;
function myHistory.isFull: boolean;
begin
  Result:=(historyIndex = hSize);
end;
procedure myHistory.Offset; {to handle overflow}
var i:integer;
begin
  //historyQueueArray[0]:=nil;
  for i:=0 to hSize-1 do begin
    historyQueueArray[i]:=TBitmap.Create;
    historyQueueArray[i].Assign(historyQueueArray[i+1]);
  end;
end;
function myHistory.Pop: TBitmap;
var
  popBmp:TBitmap;
begin
  popBmp:= TBitmap.Create;
  popBmp.Assign(historyQueueArray[historyIndex]);
  Dec(historyIndex);
  Result:=popBmp;
end;
function myHistory.getLast: TBitmap; {this function I use when I need refresh the cnvas when I draw ellipse or rect, to get rid of traces and safe previous changes of the picture}
var
  tBmp:TBitmap;
begin
  tBmp:= TBitmap.Create;
  tBmp.Assign(historyQueueArray[historyIndex]);
  Result:=tBmp;
end;
end.

这就是我使用它的方式

procedure TMainForm.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
  cleanBmp:TBitmap;
begin
    {...}
    doneRedo:=false;
    redomode:=false; undomode:=false;
//init arrays
    picHistory:=myHistory.Create(10);   //FOR UNDO
    tempHistory:=myHistory.Create(10); //FOR REDO
    cleanbmp:=TBitmap.Create;
    cleanbmp.Assign(imgMain.Picture.Bitmap);
    picHistory.Push(cleanbmp);
    cleanbmp.Free;
    {...}
end;
 procedure TMainForm.btnUndoClick(Sender: TObject);
var redBmp:TBitmap;
begin
  undoMode:=true;
  //if there were some changes
  if(not picHistory.isEmpty) then begin
    redBmp:=TBitmap.Create;
    redBmp.Assign(picHistory.getLast);
    //clean canvas
    imgMain.Picture.Bitmap:=nil; 
    //get what was there before
    imgMain.Canvas.Draw(0,0, picHistory.Pop);
    //and in case if we will not make any changes after UNDO(clicked one or more times)
    //and call REDO then
    tempHistory.Push(redBmp);//we save what were on canvas before UNDOand push it to redo history
    redBmp.Free;
  end;
end;

procedure TMainForm.btnRedoClick(Sender: TObject);
var undBmp:TBitmap;
begin
  redoMode:=true;
  if(not tempHistory.isEmpty) then begin
    doneRedo:=True;
    undBmp:=TBitmap.Create;
    undBmp.Assign(tempHistory.getLast);
    imgMain.Picture.Bitmap:=nil;
    MainForm.imgMain.Canvas.Draw(0,0, tempHistory.Pop);
    //same history (like with UNDO implementation) here but reverse
    picHistory.Push(undBmp);
    undBmp.Free;
  end;
end;

{...}
procedure TMainForm.imgMainMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
var bmp:TBitmap;
begin
//if mouse were down and then it's up this means we drew something
//and must save changes into history to be able to make UNDO
  {...}
    bmp:=TBitmap.Create;
    try
      bmp.Assign(imgMain.Picture.Bitmap);
      picHistory.Push(bmp);
      //if there are some changes added after redo then we clean redo history
     if (doneRedo) then begin
        tempHistory.Clean;
        doneRedo:=false;
     end;
    finally
      bmp.Free;
      //sor of refresh
      imgMain.Canvas.Draw(0,0, picHistory.getLast);
    end;
  {...}

但问题是它的工作方式不是我预期的。 举个例子:

如果我按一次撤消按钮 - 什么也没发生。两次 - 它一次做它应该做的事情。

如果我画了一个椭圆,然后单击撤消一次并开始绘制新的椭圆 - 最后绘制的椭圆只是令人失望!

这是 elipse draw 方法,以防它有助于找出问题

    procedure TMainForm.ellipseDraw(X, Y: Integer);
    begin
      imgMain.Canvas.Pen.Color:=useColor;
      imgMain.Canvas.Brush.Color:=scndColor;
      imgMain.Canvas.Pen.Width:=size;
      if(mouseIsDown) then  begin
        imgMain.Canvas.Draw(0,0, picHistory.getLast); //there gonna be no bizzare traces from figures
        imgMain.Canvas.Ellipse(dX, dY, X,Y);
      end;
    end;

答案

如果我按一次撤消按钮 - 什么也没发生。两次 - 它一次做它应该做的事情。

这确实正是您的代码所做的:

  • imgMainMouseUp将当前图片添加到撤消列表中,并且
  • btnUndoClick从撤消列表中检索最后一个位图,该位图与当前在图像上看到的位图相同。

对于这个特定问题,解决方案是将上一个位图添加到撤消列表中,而不是当前位图。

奖金

为了解决 David 关于泄漏的评论,您的实现泄漏了位图,因为:

  • 例程PopgetLast返回新本地创建的位图。这会将其销毁的责任放在例程的调用方身上。您的 MainForm 代码不会破坏这些位图,因此它们是内存泄漏。解决方案是简单地返回数组中的项,而不是创建新的位图。
  • Offset例程中,再次创建新的位图并泄漏所有以前的位图。只需将Queue[I]分配给Queue[I + 1]即可。
  • Push方法中,您忘记释放最后一项。
  • 该类没有析构函数,这再次将销毁所有位图的责任放在对象的用户身上,需要调用 Clean ,但它没有。解决方案是向调用 Clean 的对象添加一个析构函数。

除了这些泄漏之外,您的代码还有更多问题。这里有一些修复和提示:

  • 由于动态数组从零开始,因此isFull例程不会在应该返回 True 时返回。它应该按Result := historyIndex = hSize - 1;实现
  • 阵列不是队列 (FIFO),而是堆栈 (LIFO)。
  • 您的Pop例程不会检查空列表。

总而言之,您的历史课可能更好:

uses
  SysUtils, Graphics;
type
  TBitmapHistory = class(TObject)
  private
    FIndex: Integer;
    FStack: array of TBitmap;
    procedure Offset;
  public
    procedure Clear;
    function Count: Integer;
    constructor Create(ACount: Integer);
    destructor Destroy; override;
    function Empty: Boolean;
    function Full: Boolean;
    function Last: TBitmap;
    function Pop: TBitmap;
    procedure Push(ABitmap: TBitmap);
  end;
implementation
{ TBitmapHistory }
procedure TBitmapHistory.Clear;
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  for I := 0 to Count - 1 do
    FreeAndNil(FStack[I]);
  FIndex := -1;
end;
function TBitmapHistory.Count: Integer;
begin
  Result := Length(FStack);
end;
constructor TBitmapHistory.Create(ACount: Integer);
begin
  inherited Create;
  SetLength(FStack, ACount);
  FIndex := -1;
end;
destructor TBitmapHistory.Destroy;
begin
  Clear;
  inherited Destroy;
end;
function TBitmapHistory.Empty: Boolean;
begin
  Result := FIndex = -1;
end;
function TBitmapHistory.Full: Boolean;
begin
  Result := FIndex = Count - 1;
end;
function TBitmapHistory.Last: TBitmap;
begin
  if Empty then
    Result := nil
  else
    Result := FStack[FIndex];
end;
procedure TBitmapHistory.Offset;
begin
  FStack[0].Free;
  Move(FStack[1], FStack[0], (Count - 1) * SizeOf(TBitmap));
end;
function TBitmapHistory.Pop: TBitmap;
begin
  if not Empty then
  begin
    Result := Last;
    Dec(FIndex);
  end;
end;
procedure TBitmapHistory.Push(ABitmap: TBitmap);
begin
  if Full then
    Offset
  else
    Inc(FIndex);
  FStack[Findex].Free;
  FStack[FIndex] := TBitmap.Create;
  FStack[Findex].Assign(ABitmap);
end;

言论:

  • Contnrs单元中还有一个专门的类TObjectStack,您可以覆盖/利用它。
  • 您的 MainForm 代码也存在问题,但我礼貌地将其留给您来解决。

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