我正在尝试用python构建3d曲面图。从我所读到的内容来看，这是标准包：
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
但是，我收到以下错误：
ImportError: No module named mpl_toolkits.mplot3d
这是我尝试安装软件包时收到的错误消息：
Myname-MacBook-Pro:ex1 myname$ sudo pip install --upgrade matplotlib
The directory '/Users/ryansullivan/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/ryansullivan/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-2.0.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (12.8MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 12.8MB 101kB/s
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=1.5.6 (from matplotlib)
Downloading pyparsing-2.1.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 4.6MB/s
Collecting numpy>=1.7.1 (from matplotlib)
Downloading numpy-1.12.0-cp27-cp27m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.4MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.4MB 289kB/s
Collecting functools32 (from matplotlib)
Downloading functools32-3.2.3-2.zip
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib)
Downloading pytz-2016.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (483kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 1.4MB/s
Collecting six>=1.10 (from matplotlib)
Downloading six-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
Downloading cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting subprocess32 (from matplotlib)
Downloading subprocess32-3.2.7.tar.gz (54kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 2.7MB/s
Collecting python-dateutil (from matplotlib)
Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 194kB 2.2MB/s
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, numpy, functools32, pytz, six, cycler, subprocess32, python-dateutil, matplotlib
Found existing installation: pyparsing 2.0.1
DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (pyparsing) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
Uninstalling pyparsing-2.0.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 778, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
copy2(src, real_dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
copystat(src, dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-YwsZp1-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/pyparsing-2.0.1-py2.7.egg-info'
关于我做错了什么或如何避免此错误以便我可以安装 mplot3d 的任何想法？
非常感谢。
在我将MacOS从El Capitan更新到Sierra后，此问题发生在我身上。
sudo pip install -U matplotlib
解决了我的问题。