C语言 Valgrind 报告无效的读取(和写入)，但程序保持他的执行

Question

我正在尝试解决我的一个大学考试练习，但我被一个记忆错误困住了，我无法真正弄清楚。我必须分配和初始化一个浮点矩阵，该矩阵具有称为 Mat 的结构作为矩阵。

typedef struct {
  int rows; 
  int cols;
  float **row_ptrs;
} Mat; 

为此，我必须编写一个返回矩阵地址的函数。矩阵必须是指向矩阵行的指针数组：

Mat* Mat_alloc(int rows, int cols){
        Mat* matrice = (Mat*)calloc(rows,sizeof(float**));
        float** righe = (float**)calloc(cols,sizeof(float*));
        (*matrice).row_ptrs=righe;
        (*matrice).rows=rows;
        (*matrice).cols=cols;
        *righe = (float*)malloc(sizeof(float));
        float* elem = *righe;
        Mat* sav_ptr = matrice; 
        int i,j;
        for(i=0;i<rows;i++){
            printf("questa e' la riga: %d con indirizzo: %xnn",i,righe);
            for(j=0;j<cols;j++){
                *elem = 0.0;
                printf("%f io sono l'elemento: %d con indirizzo: %x n",*elem,j,elem);
                elem++;
                }
            printf("n");
            righe++;
            j=0;
            }
        return sav_ptr;
    }

此外，我必须在调用和运行函数后释放所有内容，我已经编写了这个函数来做到这一点：

void Mat_free(Mat *m){
    float** tofree = (*m).row_ptrs;
    free(*tofree);
    free(tofree);
    free(m);
    }

当我在第一次打印输出后在 valgrind 下运行程序时，我得到这个：

==6688== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==6688== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==6688== Using Valgrind-3.14.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==6688== Command: ./e1
==6688== 
Avvio Mat_alloc...
questa e' la riga: 0 con indirizzo: 4a4c4f0
0.000000 io sono l'elemento: 0 con indirizzo: 4a4c560 
==6688== Invalid write of size 4
==6688==    at 0x109311: Mat_alloc (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==    by 0x1091FE: main (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==  Address 0x4a4c564 is 0 bytes after a block of size 4 alloc'd
==6688==    at 0x483874F: malloc (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==6688==    by 0x1092BC: Mat_alloc (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==    by 0x1091FE: main (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688== 
==6688== Invalid read of size 4
==6688==    at 0x109319: Mat_alloc (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==    by 0x1091FE: main (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==  Address 0x4a4c564 is 0 bytes after a block of size 4 alloc'd
==6688==    at 0x483874F: malloc (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==6688==    by 0x1092BC: Mat_alloc (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688==    by 0x1091FE: main (in /home/sam/Scrivania/esercitazione 4 TDP/e1)
==6688== 

但是后来我没有得到sigsegv信号，程序继续运行。我做错了什么？我发现这更奇怪，因为免费不会产生任何错误，并且所有块都是免费的。你们有什么建议吗？

她的主要功能是：

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
      /********************************************************
       *             TEST Mat_alloc/Mat_read                  *
       ********************************************************/
      printf("Avvio Mat_alloc...nn");
      Mat *m1 = Mat_alloc(5,5);
      float** try = (*m1).row_ptrs;
      printf("%fn",**try);
      printf("fatto allocn");
      Mat_free(m1);
      printf("fatto freen");
      return 0;
    }

Answer 1

您应该为 mat 结构分配内存，因为返回指向该结构的指针。

试试这个：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct {
    int rows;
    int cols;
    float **arr;
} Mat;
Mat* Mat_alloc(int rows, int cols){
    // memory allocation for struct Mat
    Mat* matrice = (Mat*)malloc(sizeof(Mat));
    // memory allocation for a given number of rows of our two-dimensional array
    matrice->arr = (float **)malloc(rows * sizeof(float *));
    int i = 0; int j = 0;
    // each row is a one-dimensional array, so we must allocate memory for each element
    for (i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
        matrice->arr[i] = (float *)malloc(cols * sizeof(float));
    (*matrice).rows=rows;
    (*matrice).cols=cols;
    for(i=0;i<rows; ++i){
        printf("questa e' la riga: %d con indirizzo: %pnn",i,&matrice->arr[i]);
        for(j=0;j<cols; ++j){
            matrice->arr[i][j] = j;
            printf("%f io sono l'elemento: %d con indirizzo: %p n",matrice->arr[i][j],j,&matrice->arr[i][j]);
        }
        printf("n");
    }
    return matrice;
}
void Mat_free(Mat *m){
    int i = 0;
    for(i=0;i< m->rows; ++i) {
        free(m->arr[i]);
    }
    free(m->arr);
    free(m);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    /********************************************************
     *             TEST Mat_alloc/Mat_read                  *
     ********************************************************/
    printf("Avvio Mat_alloc...nn");
    Mat *m1 = Mat_alloc(3,3);
    printf("fatto allocn");
    Mat_free(m1);
    printf("fatto freen");
    return 0;
}