我正在使用SunPKCS11连接到HSM设备。我有一些运行完美的单元测试(实际上它们会进行一些签名和验证(，但是，当我将应用程序部署到 tomcat 或 jetty 时，我收到此异常(此异常在 jetty 中部署期间引发，tomcat 的异常类似(：
java.security.ProviderException: Initialization failed
at sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11.<init>(SunPKCS11.java:376)
at sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11.<init>(SunPKCS11.java:103)
at X.X.X.HsmUtil.<init>(HsmUtil.java:66)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:142)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:89)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBean
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableB
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFac
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:23
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContex
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:444)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:326)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ContextHandler.java:952)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.callContextInitialized(ServletContextHandler.java:558)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler.java:917)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:370)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startWebapp(WebAppContext.java:1497)
at org.eclipse.jetty.maven.plugin.JettyWebAppContext.startWebapp(JettyWebAppContext.java:360)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.java:1459)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:847)
at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.doStart(ServletContextHandler.java:287)
at org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:545)
at org.eclipse.jetty.maven.plugin.JettyWebAppContext.doStart(JettyWebAppContext.java:428)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:68)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:138)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:117)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:113)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.doStart(ContextHandlerCollection.java:168)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:68)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:138)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:117)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:113)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:68)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.start(ContainerLifeCycle.java:138)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.start(Server.java:416)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle.doStart(ContainerLifeCycle.java:108)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler.doStart(AbstractHandler.java:113)
at org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server.doStart(Server.java:383)
at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:68)
at org.eclipse.jetty.maven.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.startJetty(AbstractJettyMojo.java:477)
at org.eclipse.jetty.maven.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.execute(AbstractJettyMojo.java:343)
at org.eclipse.jetty.maven.plugin.JettyRunMojo.execute(JettyRunMojo.java:169)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:134)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:207)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:863)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:288)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:199)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11Exception: CKR_FUNCTION_FAILED
at sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11.C_Initialize(Native Method)
at sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11$SynchronizedPKCS11.C_Initialize(PKCS11.java:1545)
at sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11.getInstance(PKCS11.java:157)
at sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11.<init>(SunPKCS11.java:330)
... 74 more
这就是我实例化 SunPKCS11 的方式：
File f = new File(Pkcs11ConfigUtil.getDRIVERCFGPATH());
Provider provider = new sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11(f.getPath()); //exception is thrown in this line
Security.addProvider(provider);
只是为了补充一些细节，我在Windows Server 2012上使用64位java8。
更新 1： 我只是注意到，当我通过 maven 运行测试时，会发生类似的异常，以前我曾经使用 eclipse 运行测试， 好吧，我不确定到底发生了什么:(
更新 2： 我想出了写一段非常短的代码(只是一个带有main方法的简单干净的类(来使用sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11的想法，但我遇到了同样的问题(虽然代码使用eclipse完美运行，当我在cmd中使用java命令运行该类时，我被提到异常(。这很令人困惑：|
更新 3：这是配置文件的内容
name=testname
library=C:XYZcs2_pkcs11.dll
slotListIndex=6
任何帮助不胜感激。
Servlet 规范不支持尝试访问包空间内的类sun.*从 Servlet 容器内的 Web 应用程序中访问类。
如果您阅读 Servlet 规范 (SRV.9.7.2(，则从 JVM 和服务器容器向 Web 应用程序公开的唯一软件包命名空间是java.*、javax.*、org.xml.*和org.w3c.*。
您必须从 Web 应用程序外部使用该sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11(可能作为服务器组件(才能取得成功。
或者，如果使用类似embedded-jetty的东西(而不是正式的webapp，或jetty-home，或jetty-silative，或jetty-maven-plugin(，你可以回避这些servlet行为/要求。