使用 Python 和 Pexpect 返回本地主机散列密码

Question

我正在学习如何用书进行渗透测试。其中一个练习使用以下脚本：

import pexpect
PROMPT = ['# ', '>>> ', '> ', '$ ']
def send_command(child, cmd):
    child.sendline(cmd)
    child.expect(PROMPT)
    print child.before
def connect(user, host, password):
    ssh_newkey = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
    connStr = 'ssh ' + user + '@' + host
    child = pexpect.spawn(connStr)
    ret= child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_newkey, 
      '[P|p]assword: '])
    if ret == 0:
        print 'Error connecting'
        return
    if ret == 1:
        child.sendline('yes')
        ret = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 
          '[P|p]assword: '])
        if ret == 0:
            print 'Error connecting'
            return
    child.sendline(password)
    child.expect(PROMPT)
    return child
def main():
    host = 'localhost'
    user = 'root'       import pexpect
PROMPT = ['# ', '>>> ', '> ', '$ ']
def send_command(child, cmd):
    child.sendline(cmd)
    child.expect(PROMPT)
    print child.before
def connect(user, host, password):
    ssh_newkey = 'Are you sure you want to continue connecting'
    connStr = 'ssh ' + user + '@' + host
    child = pexpect.spawn(connStr)
    ret= child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, ssh_newkey, 
      '[P|p]assword: '])
    if ret == 0:
        print 'Error connecting'
        return
    if ret == 1:
        child.sendline('yes')
        ret = child.expect([pexpect.TIMEOUT, 
          '[P|p]assword: '])
        if ret == 0:
            print 'Error connecting'
            return
    child.sendline(password)
    child.expect(PROMPT)
    return child
def main():
    host = 'localhost'
    user = 'root'
    password = 'g'
    child = connect(user, host, password)
    send_command(child, 'cat /etc/shadow | grep root')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    password = 'g'
    child = connect(user, host, password)
    send_command(child, 'cat /etc/shadow | grep root')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我查看了 Ubuntu 文档以了解如何为服务器创建密钥，因此我在终端中使用了以下命令：

mkdir ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa

然后我继续用service ssh start启动 ssh 服务器

接下来，我运行脚本。它不会像书上所说的那样返回我的哈希根密码。相反，我收到一个 OpenSSH 弹出窗口，请求 root 密码，以及以下输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "local.py", line 38, in <module>
    main()
  File "local.py", line 34, in main
    child = connect(user, host, password)
  File "local.py", line 27, in connect
    child.expect(PROMPT)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pexpect/__init__.py", line 1418, in expect
    timeout, searchwindowsize)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pexpect/__init__.py", line 1433, in expect_list
    timeout, searchwindowsize)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pexpect/__init__.py", line 1535, in expect_loop
    raise TIMEOUT(str(err) + 'n' + str(self))
pexpect.TIMEOUT: Timeout exceeded.
<pexpect.spawn object at 0x7f2ca63ca7d0>
version: 3.2
command: /usr/bin/ssh
args: ['/usr/bin/ssh', 'root@localhost']
searcher: <pexpect.searcher_re object at 0x7f2ca63ca850>
buffer (last 100 chars): "rnPermission denied, please try again.rrnroot@localhost's password: "
before (last 100 chars): "rnPermission denied, please try again.rrnroot@localhost's password: "
after: <class 'pexpect.TIMEOUT'>
match: None
match_index: None
exitstatus: None
flag_eof: False
pid: 4562
child_fd: 3
closed: False
timeout: 30
delimiter: <class 'pexpect.EOF'>
logfile: None
logfile_read: None
logfile_send: None
maxread: 2000
ignorecase: False
searchwindowsize: None
delaybeforesend: 0.05
delayafterclose: 0.1
delayafterterminate: 0.1

老实说，我仍然是python的新手，尽管我已经玩了几个星期了。如果这是一个愚蠢的问题，我深表歉意。是的，我的密码只是"g"。

Answer 1

尝试

以root@localhost身份通过 SSH 连接到计算机时出现错误。在命令的输出中找到错误

buffer (last 100 chars): "rnPermission denied, please try again.rrnroot@localhost's password: "
before (last 100 chars): "rnPermission denied, please try again.rrnroot@localhost's password: "

这是您尝试使用错误的用户名/密码组合登录计算机时遇到的典型错误。

从终端中，尝试直接将SSH放入框中，以查看是否允许1）根ssh，以及2）用户名/密码组合是否正确。

---

将来，paramiko是一个用于Python的SSH库，可以通过SFTP登录机器，运行命令和读/写文件。显然，这只是从书中学习，但请考虑用paramiko写真实的东西。

以下是paramiko中相同示例的外观：

import paramiko
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
try:
    client.connect('localhost', username='root', password='g')
    stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command('/bin/cat /etc/shadow')
    # Now, you can read from stdout (if the command succeeded), or stderr (if it failed)
    shadow_file_contents = stdout.readlines()
    if shadow_file_contents:
        print '/etc/shadow: {0}'.format(''.join(line for line in shadow_file_contents if 'root' in line))
    else:  # No contents in the file. Show the user why...
        print 'errors: {0}'.format(''.join(stderr.readlines()))
except (paramiko.BadAuthenticationType) as why:  # Invalid un/pw
    print 'Unable to login using given username/password to this host'