如何测试Spring Data JPA项目

Question

我有一个Spring应用程序，带有这些依赖项。该项目只包含另一个应用程序的服务和存储库，因此没有主类

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.10</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

我想测试一项服务，所以这是我的服务类：

我有这个配置文件：

@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.bonanza.backend.repository")
@EntityScan(basePackages = "com.bonanza.backend.service")
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableCaching
@Profile("dev")
@Configuration
@PropertySource("file:///${user.home}/.bonanza/backend-dev.properties")
public class DevBackendConfig {
}

测试包上的这个：

@Configuration
@Import({DevBackendConfig.class})
public class TestBackendConfig {
}

这是我的测试课：

@ContextConfiguration(classes={TestBackendConfig.class})
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class CompanyServiceTests {
@Autowired
protected CompanyService companyService;
..
}

但当我运行测试时，我会出现以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userRepository': Cannot create inner bean '(inner bean)#636e8cc' of type [org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator] while setting bean property 'entityManager'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name '(inner bean)#636e8cc': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'entityManagerFactory' while setting constructor argument; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'entityManagerFactory' available

Answer 1

spring似乎无法为用户JPA repo创建bean。这是可以的，因为如果你在做单元测试，你应该只测试应用程序的一层，并模拟依赖关系。这可以在Mockito框架的帮助下完成。这是一篇不错的介绍博客文章。生成的测试代码如下所示(我们模拟了所有依赖项，并在需要的地方创建了存根(：

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class TestUserResolver {
@Mock
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Mock
private RightsRequestRepository rightsRequestRepository;
@Mock
private NotifierService notifierService;
private UserResolver userResolver;
@Test
public void testListAllUsers() {
when(userRepository.findAll()).thenReturn(getFakeUserList());
userResolver = new UserResolver(userRepository, rightsRequestRepository, notifierService);
List<UserDTO> cs = userResolver.getAllUsers();
assertEquals(1, cs.size());
}
....}