运行 rspec 时出现未初始化的常量名称错误，但在 rails 控制台中工作正常

Question

在使用 FactoryGirl

运行 rspecs 时，我收到"nameError：未初始化的常量"错误，但是当我在控制台内通过运行 rails c test 调用 FactoryGirl.build 时，它正确地识别了 FactoryGirl。

以下是 rspec 的输出：

Failures:
1) create user test
 Failure/Error: FactoryGirl.build(:user)
 NameError:
   uninitialized constant User
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `const_get'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `block in constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `each'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `inject'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:66:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:26:in `build_class'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:37:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:23:in `block in run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:22:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy_syntax_method_registrar.rb:20:in `block in define_singular_strategy_method'
 # ./spec/model/user_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
 Finished in 0.001 seconds (files took 0.31845 seconds to load)

1

个示例，1 个故障

/

spec/spec_helper.rb：

require 'factory_girl_rails'
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.before do
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
  ...
end

/

spec/rails_helper.rb：

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_girl_rails'
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  ...
end

/

spec/model/user_spec.rb：

 require 'spec_helper'
 # Create factory de user
 describe "create user" do
  it "test" do
    u = FactoryGirl.build(:user)
  end
end

/宝石文件：

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'guard-rspec'
  gem 'capybara'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'
end

Answer 1

要解决NameError：

• 您需要将工厂女孩的配置从/spec/spec_helper.rb移动到/spec/rails_helper.rb。

• 您需要在/spec/model/user_spec.rb中将spec_helper替换为rails helper。

请试试。

Answer 2

您是否有机会使用 rspec 3？从 rspec 3 开始，您需要require 'rails_helper'而不是 spec_helper 。

见 https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#upgrade-note