我是Linked List的新手,我正在尝试用C实现链表。下面是我的代码:-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next;
};
void insert (struct node *head, int data);
void print (struct node *head);
int main()
{
struct node *head ;
head= NULL;
printf("newn");
insert(head,5);
printf("%dn",head);
insert(head,4);
insert(head,6);
print(head);
print(head);
print(head);
}
void insert(struct node *head,int data){
printf("%dn",head);
if(head == NULL){
head =malloc(sizeof(struct node));
head->next = NULL;
head->data = data;
}
else {
printf("entered elsen");
struct node *tmp = head;
if(tmp->next!=NULL){
tmp = tmp->next;
}
tmp->next = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
tmp->next->next = NULL;
tmp->next->data = data;
}
}
void print (struct node *head) {
printf("%dn",head);
struct node *tmp = head;
if (head == NULL) {
printf("entered nulln");
return;
}
while (tmp != NULL) {
if (tmp->next == NULL) {
printf("%0d", tmp->data);
} else {
printf("%0d -> ", tmp->data);
}
tmp = tmp->next;
}
printf("n");
}
当我运行此代码时,输出为:-
new
0
0
0
0
0
entered null
0
entered null
0
entered null
head始终为null,并且不会更新null。它不会在insert中进入else循环。有人能帮我修一下吗。指出我犯的错误。感谢
您的代码中可能还有其他错误,但一个大问题是您试图在insert
中设置头节点,但这只会影响传入指针的本地副本,因此在调用方没有影响:
void insert(struct node *head,int data){
....
head = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); // head is local, caller won't see this
您还需要确保,当您传递一个不是NULL
的节点时,实际上是将新节点附加到头上。您可以通过将指针传递给指针或返回设置的指针来解决第一个问题。例如,
void insert(struct node **head, int data) {
if(*head == NULL) {
// create the head node
...
*head = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
....
else {
// create a new node and attach it to the head
struct node* tmp = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
....
(*head)->next = tmp;
}
}
然后,在main
中,您需要将指针传递给头指针,即使用运算符&
:的地址
struct node *head = NULL;
insert(&head, 5);
注意问题的一部分是函数试图做的太多。它被称为insert
,但如果传入的指针是NULL
,它会尝试创建一个新节点。最好将这些职责分开:
// allocate a node and set its data field
struct node* create_node(int data)
{
struct node* n = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
n->next = NULL;
n->data = data;
return n;
}
// create a node and add to end node.
// return the new end node.
// end has to point to a valid node object.
struct node* append_node(struct node* tail, int node_data)
{
struct node* new_tail = create_node(node_data);
tail->next = new_tail;
return new_tail;
}
我已经修复了您的insert
函数:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node {
int data;
struct node *next;
};
#define CREATENODE malloc(sizeof(struct node))
void insert (struct node *head, int data);
void print (struct node *head);
int main()
{
struct node *head ;
head = CREATENODE;
printf("newn");
insert(head,5);
insert(head,4);
insert(head,6);
print(head);
print(head);
print(head);
}
void insert(struct node *head,int data){
struct node *temp, *nn;
for(temp=head;temp->next!=NULL;temp=temp->next);
nn=CREATENODE;
nn->data = data;
nn->next =temp->next;
temp->next = nn;
}
void print (struct node *head) {
struct node *tmp = head->next;
if (head == NULL) {
printf("entered nulln");
return;
}
while (tmp != NULL) {
if (tmp->next == NULL) {
printf("%0d", tmp->data);
} else {
printf("%0d -> ", tmp->data);
}
tmp = tmp->next;
}
printf("n");
}
void insert(struct node&head,int data){//传递引用而不是指针^你传递了一个指针,但这只允许你更改它所指向的数据。为了更改指针本身,你必须传递一个引用。不确定我的C是否有点生疏,但我只是给你指明了正确的方向。。。。
问候,
André