C.中的链表实现



我是Linked List的新手,我正在尝试用C实现链表。下面是我的代码:-

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *next;
};
void insert (struct node *head, int data);
void  print  (struct node *head);
int main()
{
    struct node *head ;
    head= NULL;
    printf("newn");
    insert(head,5);
    printf("%dn",head);
    insert(head,4);
    insert(head,6);
    print(head);
    print(head);
    print(head);

} 
void  insert(struct node *head,int data){
    printf("%dn",head);
    if(head == NULL){
        head =malloc(sizeof(struct node));
        head->next = NULL;
        head->data = data;
    }
    else {
        printf("entered elsen");
        struct node *tmp = head;
        if(tmp->next!=NULL){
            tmp = tmp->next;
        }
        tmp->next  = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
        tmp->next->next = NULL;
        tmp->next->data = data;
    }
}

void print (struct node *head) {
    printf("%dn",head);
    struct node *tmp = head;
    if (head == NULL) {
        printf("entered nulln");
        return;
    }
    while (tmp != NULL) {
        if (tmp->next == NULL) {
            printf("%0d", tmp->data);
        } else {
            printf("%0d -> ", tmp->data);
        }
        tmp = tmp->next;
    }
    printf("n");
}

当我运行此代码时,输出为:-

new
0
0
0
0
0
entered null
0
entered null
0
entered null

head始终为null,并且不会更新null。它不会在insert中进入else循环。有人能帮我修一下吗。指出我犯的错误。感谢

您的代码中可能还有其他错误,但一个大问题是您试图在insert中设置头节点,但这只会影响传入指针的本地副本,因此在调用方没有影响:

void  insert(struct node *head,int data){
  ....
  head = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); // head is local, caller won't see this

您还需要确保,当您传递一个不是NULL的节点时,实际上是将新节点附加到头上。您可以通过将指针传递给指针或返回设置的指针来解决第一个问题。例如,

void insert(struct node **head, int data) {
  if(*head == NULL) {
    // create the head node
    ...
    *head = malloc(sizeof(struct node)); 
    ....
  else {
    // create a new node and attach it to the head
    struct node* tmp = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    ....
    (*head)->next = tmp;
  }
}

然后,在main中,您需要将指针传递给头指针,即使用运算符&:的地址

struct node *head = NULL;
insert(&head, 5);

注意问题的一部分是函数试图做的太多。它被称为insert,但如果传入的指针是NULL,它会尝试创建一个新节点。最好将这些职责分开:

// allocate a node and set its data field
struct node* create_node(int  data)
{
  struct node* n = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
  n->next = NULL;
  n->data = data;
  return n;
}
// create a node and add to end node.
// return the new end node.
// end has to point to a valid node object.
struct node* append_node(struct node* tail, int node_data)
{
  struct node* new_tail = create_node(node_data);
  tail->next = new_tail;
  return new_tail;
}

我已经修复了您的insert函数:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node {
    int data;
    struct node *next;
};
#define CREATENODE malloc(sizeof(struct node))
void insert (struct node *head, int data);
void  print  (struct node *head);
int main()
{
    struct node *head ;
    head = CREATENODE;
    printf("newn");
    insert(head,5);
    insert(head,4);
    insert(head,6);
    print(head);
    print(head);
    print(head);

} 
void  insert(struct node *head,int data){
    struct node *temp, *nn;
    for(temp=head;temp->next!=NULL;temp=temp->next);
    nn=CREATENODE;
    nn->data = data;
    nn->next =temp->next;
    temp->next = nn;
}

void print (struct node *head) {
    struct node *tmp = head->next;
    if (head == NULL) {
        printf("entered nulln");
        return;
    }
    while (tmp != NULL) {
        if (tmp->next == NULL) {
            printf("%0d", tmp->data);
        } else {
            printf("%0d -> ", tmp->data);
        }
        tmp = tmp->next;
    }
    printf("n");
}

void insert(struct node&head,int data){//传递引用而不是指针^你传递了一个指针,但这只允许你更改它所指向的数据。为了更改指针本身,你必须传递一个引用。不确定我的C是否有点生疏,但我只是给你指明了正确的方向。。。。

问候,

André

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