Calling Fortran from C++-CLI



我有一个fortran子例程FortranShake和一个C++主函数HandShakingTest.cpp。我正在尝试从CLR C++调用一个fortran子例程。

我有两批错误。让我们称它们为ERROR(1)和ERROR(2)。如果你能帮助我理解为什么会发生这些错误,我将不胜感激。

当我尝试使用以下内容进行编译时:cl/clr HandShakingTest.cpp

我得到以下错误(1):

HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A00030A) "extern "C" void __c
ecl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __
lrcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Sys
em@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "extern "C" void __cd
cl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __c
rcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syst
m@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals

然后我使用以下命令进行编译:

ifort /c FortranShake.f //Which compiles fine
cl /c /clr HandShakingTest.cpp //compiles fine
cl /o test HandShakingTest.obj FortranShake.obj //ERROR(2) occurs

错误(2)包括:

MSVCRT.lib(ti_inst.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: __thiscall type_info::type_info(cla
ss type_info const &)" (??0type_info@@AAE@ABV0@@Z) already defined in LIBCMT.lib(typin
fo.obj)
MSVCRT.lib(ti_inst.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: class type_info & __thiscall type_i
nfo::operator=(class type_info const &)" (??4type_info@@AAEAAV0@ABV0@@Z) already defin
ed in LIBCMT.lib(typinfo.obj)
MSVCRT.lib(merr.obj) : error LNK2005: __matherr already defined in LIBCMT.lib(_matherr
_.obj)
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRT' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NOD
EFAULTLIB:library
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A00030A) "extern "C" void __cd
ecl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __c
lrcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syst
em@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "extern "C" void __cde
cl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __cl
rcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syste
m@@@Z)
libifcoremt.lib(for_main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _MAIN__ refe
renced in function _main
test.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals

这是HandShakingTest.cpp:

#include "stdio.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#using <System.DLL>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.DLL>
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Diagnostics;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
extern "C" {void FortranShake(int&);}
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    Process^ testHand = gcnew Process();
    testHand->StartInfo->UseShellExecute = false;
    testHand->StartInfo->RedirectStandardInput = true;
    testHand->StartInfo->RedirectStandardOutput = true;
    testHand->StartInfo->ErrorDialog = true;
    int numDebug = 0;
    String^ returnedDebug = "Nothing";
    FortranShake(numDebug);
    StreamReader^ FromHandProcess = testHand->StandardOutput;
    StreamWriter^ ToHandProcess = testHand->StandardInput;
    String^ Line;
    Line = FromHandProcess ->ReadLine();
    if (Line->Equals("Enter Hand") )
    {
        Console::WriteLine(L"Hand Started!");
    }
    ToHandProcess ->WriteLine(numDebug.ToString());
    returnedDebug = FromHandProcess ->ReadLine();
    MessageBox::Show(returnedDebug);
    return 0;
}

以下是Fortran子程序:

  SUBROUTINE FortranShake(GP_DEBUG)
  IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)
  INN = 5
  WRITE(06,'(a)') 'Enter Hand'
  READ(INN,*) GP_DEBUG
  GP_DEBUG = GP_DEBUG + 55
  WRITE(06,*) GP_DEBUG
  RETURN
  END

您的第一个错误实际上是链接器错误-如果没有/c命令行开关,您将在一步中编译和链接。没有提供Fortran代码或对象代码。

您的第二个错误是因为:

  • 您为C++和Fortran指定了(通过省略)不匹配的运行库。您需要决定是使用静态链接(当前(从今天开始,但不一定从下个月开始…)windows版英特尔Fortran的默认版本)还是使用动态链接(MS C++编译器的默认值)。也许可以将/MD添加到ifort命令行中,该命令行指定动态链接。

  • 如果没有相反的编译器选项或指令,由Fortran编译器生成的C代码中Fortran过程的等效标识符是Fortran过程名称的大写变体,即在C++代码中调用过程FORTRANSHAKE。如果您可以按照F2003标准编写Fortran代码,则应该使用该语言的C互操作性功能(BIND(C,...))来控制Fortran过程的C绑定名称,并确保调用约定等保持一致。

  • Fortran子例程的伪参数具有DOUBLE PRECISION类型说明符,对于这种编译器组合,它等效于C++中的double,而不是int。F2003再次引入了一些功能,这些功能可以使参数类型的对齐更加健壮。

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