这是《Python Crash Course》(作者：Eric Matthes(一书中的游戏
我完全按照书中所说的去做。但我发现了这些问题，为什么？
文件 "D：\pythoncode\l_one\venv\lib\site-packages\pygame\sprite.py"，第 1586 行，在 spritecollideany 中 spritecollide = sprite.rect.colliderectAttributeError： 'pygame.表面"对象没有属性"rect">
这是我的代码： https://github.com/yushu-liu/Learn_Python/tree/master/Alien_Invasion
我的部分代码如下(aline_invasion.py(：
import sys
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
import game_functions as gf
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
import pygame
def run_game():
# Initialize game and create a screen object.
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
# Set the background Color
bg_color = (230,230,230)
# Make a ship, a group of bullets, and a group of aliens.
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
bullets = Group()
aliens = Group()
# Create the fleet of aliens
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
# Create an instance to store game statistics.
stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
# Start the main loop for the game
while True:
# Watch for keyboard and mouse events
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
if stats.game_active:
ship.update()
# Make the most recently drawn screen visible
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,ship,screen,aliens,bullets)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
run_game()
我的另一部分代码如下(game_function.py(：
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
'''Respond to keypresses'''
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
'''Respond to key releases.'''
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
'''Respond to keypresses and mouse events'''
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
'''Fire a bullet if limit not reached yet.'''
# Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group
if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens, bullets):
'''Update images screen during each pass through the loop'''
# Redraw the screen during each pass through the loop
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
# Redraw all bullets behind ship and aliens.
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
# Redraw the ship and the alien
ship.blitme()
# When calling draw, Pygame automatically draws each element in the group
# at the position defined by its rect
aliens.draw(screen)
# Make the most recently drawn screen visible
pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens,bullets):
'''Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets.'''
# Update the latest positions of bullets
bullets.update()
# Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
'''Respond to bullet-alien collisions.'''
# Remove any bullets and aliens that have collided
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
if len(aliens) == 0:
# If the entire fleet is destroyed, start a new level
bullets.empty()
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
'''Determine the number of aliens that fit in a row.'''
availabe_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
number_aliens_x = int(availabe_space_x/(2 * alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
'''Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen,'''
available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
'''Create an alien an place it in the row'''
alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
alien_width = alien.rect.width
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
'''Create a full fleet of aliens.'''
# Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
# Create the fleet of aliens
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
'''Respond appropirately if any aliens have reached and edge'''
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
'''Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction.'''
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets):
'''Respond to ship being hit by alien.'''
if stats.ships_left > 0:
# Decrement ship_left
stats.ships_left -= 1
# Update scoreboard.
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
# Create a new fleet and center the ship.
create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
ship.center_ship()
# Pause
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active = False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
'''Check if any aliens have reached the bottom of the screen'''
screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
# Treat this the same as if the ship get hit
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets):
'''
Check if the fleet is at an edge, and then update the positions of all
aliens in the fleet.
'''
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
# Look for alien-ship collisions.
# Look for aliens hitting the bottom of the screen.
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats, screen, ship,aliens, bullets)
# Look for aliens hitting the bottom of the screen.
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
alien.py 如下：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
'''A class to represent a single alien in the fleet'''
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
'''Initialize the alien an set its starting position.'''
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
# Load the alien image an sets its rect attribute.
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
# Start each new alien near the top left of the screen.
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
# Store the alien's exact position.
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
'''Draw the alien at its current location.'''
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def check_edges(self):
'''Return True if alien is at edge of screen.'''
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect() # 注意get_rect
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
'''Move the alien right.'''
self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
ship.py 饰 fllow：
import pygame
class Ship():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
'''Initialize the ship and set its starting position'''
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
# Load the ship image and get its rect.
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
# Start each new ship at the bottom center of the screen.
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
# Store a decimal value for the ship's center.
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
# Movement flags
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def center_ship(self):
'''Make sure the ship in the center of screen.'''
self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
def update(self):
'''Update the ship's position based on the movement flags.'''
# Update the ship's center value,not the rect
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
# Update rect object from self.center.
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
'''Draw the ship at its current location.'''
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
game_stats.py如下：
class GameStats():
'''Track statistics for Alien Invasion'''
def __init__(self,ai_settings):
'''Start Alien Invasion in an active state'''
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
self.reset_stats()
# Start Alien Invasion in an active state
self.game_active = True
def reset_stats(self):
'''Initialize statistics than can change during the game'''
self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
你有两个问题。
您的第一个位于aline_invasion.py文件的第 #42 行：
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,ship,screen,aliens,bullets)
应该是：
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, aliens, bullets)
如果您查看game_functions.py文件中update_aliens的方法声明，您会发现您的订单不正确，这很重要。您希望按事物所属的顺序将事物传递到方法中。
您的第二个问题位于game_functions.py的#171行
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(aliens, ship):
应该是：
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
根据这篇文章和本文档，您调用的方法首先接受一个精灵，然后接受一个组。你先把这群人传进去，然后是精灵。同样，顺序很重要。