API打电话给在WebApp-Runner中运行的Heroku Web应用程序最终与Nosuchmethoderror失



我使用webapp-runner在Heroku上进行战争。我通过以下命令使用heroku-maven-plugin版本1.2部署应用程序:mvn heroku:deploy-war。最初,应用程序工作,所有端点都会返回有效的响应。但是,如果我允许该应用程序闲置足够长的时间,以使Heroku将其入睡,然后调用一个端点,该端点呼唤Guava,我会收到NoSuchMethodError

2017-09-23T19:19:45.388865+00:00 app[web.1]: SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [jersey-serlvet] in context with path [] threw exception [org.glassfish.jersey.server.ContainerException: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.ascii()Lcom/google/common/base/CharMatcher;] with root cause
2017-09-23T19:19:45.388866+00:00 app[web.1]: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.ascii()Lcom/google/common/base/CharMatcher;
2017-09-23T19:19:45.388867+00:00 app[web.1]:    at com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding$Alphabet.<init>(BaseEncoding.java:453)
2017-09-23T19:19:45.388868+00:00 app[web.1]:    at com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding$Base64Encoding.<init>(BaseEncoding.java:892)
2017-09-23T19:19:45.388869+00:00 app[web.1]:    at com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.<clinit>(BaseEncoding.java:317)
...application specific stack trace

随后对同一API的所有后续调用在同一点产生NoClassDefFoundError

2017-09-23T19:22:24.454901+00:00 app[web.1]: SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [jersey-serlvet] in context with path [] threw exception [org.glassfish.jersey.server.ContainerException: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding] with root cause
2017-09-23T19:22:24.454903+00:00 app[web.1]: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding 
...application specific stack trace

这些问题似乎表明番石榴罐在编译时存在,但在运行时不存在。但是,我登录了Web Dyno,并验证了我的warfile

中包含番石榴罐
my-mbp:TrickServer me$ heroku ps:exec
Establishing credentials... done
Connecting to web.1 on ⬢ myapp...
~ $ cd target/
~/target $ ls
MyApp.war  dependency  mvn-dependency-list.log  tomcat.52079
~/target $ jar -tf MyApp.war
...lots of dependencies...
WEB-INF/lib/google-oauth-client-1.20.0.jar
WEB-INF/lib/gson-2.2.4.jar
WEB-INF/lib/guava-23.0.jar      <---guava
WEB-INF/lib/guava-jdk5-13.0.jar
...lots more dependencies...

我正在努力解释为什么端点部署后立即起作用,但后来产生这些错误。对我来说,这种行为似乎表明,当我的应用程序从睡眠中醒来时,Heroku与最初运行或Heroku正在移动/清理Guava Jarfile时可能会提供不同的类Path。

我的Procfile的内容:

web:    java $JAVA_OPTS -jar target/dependency/webapp-runner.jar --port $PORT --expand-war target/MyApp.war

Java流程在我的Web Dyno上运行:

~/target $ ps -ef | grep java
u30439       4     1  0 18:50 ?        00:00:44 java -Xmx300m -Xss512k -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Duser.timezone=UTC -jar target/dependency/webapp-runner.jar --port 52079 target/MyApp.war
u30439      27     4  0 18:50 ?        00:00:00 bash --login -c java $JAVA_OPTS -jar target/dependency/webapp-runner.jar $WEBAPP_RUNNER_OPTS --port 52079 target/MyApp.war

更新1

由于我正在使用--expand-war参数调用我的WebApp,因此我还检查了扩展的目录中的Jarfiles,以验证Guava存在。是:

~/target/tomcat.55320/webapps/expanded/WEB-INF/lib $ ls
...dependencies...
google-oauth-client-1.20.0.jar
gson-2.2.4.jar
guava-23.0.jar
guava-jdk5-13.0.jar
...more dependencies...

更新2

我将以下逻辑添加到有问题的Web服务中,以打印出classPath及其上的资源:

logger.info("System Classpath: " + System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
logger.info("Runtime Classes...");
    ClassLoader cl = UserService.class.getClassLoader();
    URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) cl).getURLs();
    for(URL url: urls){
        logger.info(url.getFile());
    }

下次发生错误时,我检查了日志,令我惊讶的是发现番石榴瓶在运行时类Path上存在!

2017-09-24T12:07:40.843438+00:00 app[web.1]: [heroku-exec] ERROR: Could not connect to proxy:
2017-09-24T12:07:40.844145+00:00 app[web.1]: [heroku-exec] ERROR: Too many reconnect attempts. Waiting 30 seconds...
2017-09-24T12:07:52.671620+00:00 app[web.1]: Sep 24, 2017 12:07:52 PM org.myorg.server.web.services.MyService authenticate
2017-09-24T12:07:52.671631+00:00 app[web.1]: INFO: System Classpath: target/dependency/webapp-runner.jar
2017-09-24T12:07:52.671931+00:00 app[web.1]: Sep 24, 2017 12:07:52 PM org.myorg.server.web.services.MyService authenticate
2017-09-24T12:07:52.671932+00:00 app[web.1]: INFO: Runtime Classes...
2017-09-24T12:07:52.672277+00:00 app[web.1]: Sep 24, 2017 12:07:52 PM org.myorg.server.web.services.MyService authenticate
2017-09-24T12:07:52.672279+00:00 app[web.1]: INFO: /app/target/tomcat.28304/webapps/expanded/WEB-INF/classes/
....
2017-09-24T12:07:52.690304+00:00 app[web.1]: Sep 24, 2017 12:07:52 PM org.myorg.server.web.services.MyService authenticate
2017-09-24T12:07:52.690306+00:00 app[web.1]: INFO: /app/target/tomcat.28304/webapps/expanded/WEB-INF/lib/google-oauth-client-1.20.0.jar
2017-09-24T12:07:52.690501+00:00 app[web.1]: Sep 24, 2017 12:07:52 PM org.myorg.server.web.services.MyService authenticate
2017-09-24T12:07:52.690503+00:00 app[web.1]: INFO: /app/target/tomcat.28304/webapps/expanded/WEB-INF/lib/guava-23.0.jar <--- Guava!!!
....

这里发生了什么?我该如何调试?

您可能有两个版本的Guava或其相关罐子上的classPath。使用com.google.common.base.base.splitter

时,请参见nosuchmethoderror异常

在进行一些调试之后,我发现我的程序在classPath上有两个不同版本的guava( guava-23.0.jar&amp; guava-jdk5-13.0.jar)。这里建议的调试提示是必要的,但不足以使我进入底部。

使用ClassLoaders时,重要的是要记住,.class对象中定义的getClassLoader方法将返回最初加载类的classloader的引用。要查找重复的JAR,在同一类中加载的同一类中调用classLoader.getResource("/com/google/common/base/CharMatcher.class")至关重要,该类加载了后来因NoSuchMethodError失败的类。

对于后代,导致冲突的特定依赖性为com.google.api-client。我通过将以下 exclusion添加到我的 pom.xml

中的依赖项中解决了问题。
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.api-client</groupId>
    <artifactId>google-api-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.22.0</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava-jdk5</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>