如何用3个参数在Windows上创建一个全局热键

Question

就像Ctl一样，Alt + delete

我想写一个程序，在python中使用带有3个或更多参数的全局热键。指定的功能应该只有在我按下键盘上的所有三个键时才能执行。例如alt, windows和F3。

win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5

这是我想要运行的当前程序，但是它的输出是:

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "C:Python32Syntaxhot keyshotkeys2.py", line 41, in <module>
   for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)

程序:

import os
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32con
byref = ctypes.byref
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
HOTKEYS = {
  1 : (win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_WIN, win32con.VK_F5),
  2 : (win32con.VK_F4, win32con.MOD_WIN),
  3 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_WIN)
    }
    def handle_win_f3 ():
  #os.startfile (os.environ['TEMP'])
  print ("Hello WOrld! F3")
def handle_win_f4 ():
  #user32.PostQuitMessage (0)
    print ("Hello WOrld! F4")
def handle_win_f1_escape ():
    print("exit")
    sys.exit()
HOTKEY_ACTIONS = {
  1 : handle_win_f3,
  2 : handle_win_f4,
  3 : handle_win_f1_escape
}
for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
  print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
  if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
    print ("Unable to register id", id)
try:
  msg = wintypes.MSG ()
  while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
    if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
      action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam)
      #print(" msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:")
      if action_to_take:
        action_to_take ()
    user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg))
    user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg))
finally:
  for id in HOTKEYS.keys ():
    user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)
    print("user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)")

注册3个热键?可能吗?解释如何使用assign一个需要按下的键，然后如果其中任何一个需要按下两个键。然而，我不会说，该功能只执行时，所有有按下同时。我把

Answer 1

对于任何对细节和关于这个主题的更详细的示例感兴趣的人，我最近编写了一个简短的程序来演示win32con提供的热键功能。该程序允许您通过命令行指定和测试任何您想要的热键:

用法: python.exe hotkey.py MOD_ALT VK_UP -> test热键ALT +箭头向上

# Imports
import win32con
import ctypes, ctypes.wintypes
import sys
#
# Functions
#
def dispatch_hotkey(msg):
    mod = msg.lParam & 0b1111111111111111
    key = msg.lParam >> 16
    bit = bin(msg.lParam)[2:]
    print("n*** Received hotkey message (wParam: %d, lParam: %d)" % (msg.wParam, msg.lParam))
    print("lParam bitmap: %s" % bit)
    print("lParam low-word (modifier): %d, high-word (key): %d" % (mod, key))
    print("-> Hotkey %s with modifier %s detectedn" % (keys[key], mods[mod]))
#
# Main
#
# Build translation maps (virtual key codes / modifiers to string)
# Note: exec() is a hack and should not be used in real programs!!
print("n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item in dir(win32con):
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        exec("mods[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("mods[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")
    if item.startswith("VK_"):
        exec("keys[item] = win32con." + item)
        exec("keys[win32con." + item + "] = '" + item + "'")
# Process command line
print("n*** Processing command line")
mod = "MOD_WIN"
key = "VK_ESCAPE"
for param in sys.argv:
    if param.startswith("MOD_"):
        if param in mods: mod = param
        else: print("nInvalid modifier specified (%s). Using default.n-> Use '--list-mods' for a list of valid modifiers." % param)
    if param.startswith("VK_"):
        if param in keys: key = param
        else: print("nInvalid key specified (%s). Using default.n-> Use '--list-keys' for a list of valid keys." % param)
if "--list-mods" in sys.argv:
    print("nAvailable modifiers:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("MOD_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("bb ")
if "--list-keys" in sys.argv:
    print("nAvailable keys:")
    for item in dir(win32con):
        if item.startswith("VK_"): sys.stdout.write(item + ", ")
    print("bb ")
# Register hotkey
print("n*** Registering global hotkey (modifier: %s, key: %s)" % (mod, key))
ctypes.windll.user32.RegisterHotKey(None, 1, mods[mod], keys[key])
# Wait for hotkey to be triggered
print("n*** Waiting for hotkey message...")
try:
    msg = ctypes.wintypes.MSG()
    while ctypes.windll.user32.GetMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
        if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
            dispatch_hotkey(msg)
            break
        ctypes.windll.user32.TranslateMessage(ctypes.byref(msg))
        ctypes.windll.user32.DispatchMessageA(ctypes.byref(msg))
# Unregister hotkey
finally:
    ctypes.windll.user32.UnregisterHotKey(None, 1)

请注意，此程序仅用于演示目的，因为程序的一部分(例如exec函数)不应在生产环境中使用。还要注意，使用这种方法，您将无法覆盖内置热键，如WIN + E等，它们将被忽略，仍然执行内置功能(例如打开资源管理器)。

另一种方式(由@martineau提供)

下面是如何构建不使用exec()的翻译映射:

print("n*** Building translation maps")
mods = {}
keys = {}
for item, value in vars(win32con).items():
    if item.startswith("MOD_"):
        mods[item] = value
        mods[value] = item
    elif item.startswith("VK_"):
        keys[item] = value
        keys[value] = item

Answer 2

对于初学者来说，如果您想要alt, windows和F3，您不需要为HOTKEYS条目使用win32con.VK_F3, win32con.MOD_ALT, win32con.MOD_WIN吗?

然而，用Win和F5键修饰符按F3并没有真正的意义。

错误行:

for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():

是因为每个字典条目的值都是可变长度的tuple。这里有一种处理方法，它也按位或将所有修饰符值放在一起，准备将它们作为单个参数传递给RegisterHotKey()。

from functools import reduce
for id, values in HOTKEYS.items ():
    vk, modifiers = values[0], reduce (lambda x, y: x | y, values[1:])
    print ("Registering id", id, "for key", vk)
    if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
        print ("Unable to register id", id)

如果你的代码正确缩进并遵循PEP 8——Python代码风格指南的建议，那么解决你的问题会更容易。