使用Thread.Sleep()时未更新Wpf标签

Question

我有一个标签，我想在每秒钟后更新它的内容，3秒钟后我只看到最后一个字符串"Step 3…"我做错了什么？如果出于某种原因我不能使用Thread.Sleep（）：

视图：

<Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.ScrollerView"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="Scroller" DataContext="{StaticResource scrollerVM}" Height="150" Width="300">
    <Grid>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Messages}" Width="200" Height="50" BorderThickness="0" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <Label Content="{Binding Text}"  />
                </DataTemplate>
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        </ListBox>
        <Button Width="70" Height="24" Content="Add new" Command="{Binding AddNew}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="0,56,0,30" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

查看模型：

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
namespace WpfApplication1.Scroller
{
    public class Message
    {
        public Message(string _text)
        {
            text = _text;
        }
        private string text;
        public string Text
        {
            get { return text; }
            set {text = value;}
        }
    }
    public class ScrollerViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
        public DelegateCommand AddNew { get; protected set; }
        ObservableCollection<Message> _messages = new ObservableCollection<Message>();
        public ObservableCollection<Message> Messages
        {
            get { return _messages; }
            set
            {
                _messages = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Messages");
            }
        }
        public ScrollerViewModel()
        {
            AddNew = new DelegateCommand(Add);
        }
        private void Add(object parameter)
        {
            UpdateProgress("Step 1...");
            UpdateProgress("Step 2...");
            UpdateProgress("Step 3...");
        }
        private void UpdateProgress(string step)
        {
            Messages.Clear();
            Messages.Add(new Message(step));
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
        }
        protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            if (PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

这是因为您正在UI线程中睡觉。在"添加"完成之前，用户界面将没有机会更新。您可以使用带有ReportProgress的BackgroundWorker来实现您想要的目标。类似这样的东西：

BackgroundWorker worker = new BackgroundWorker();
worker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
worker.DoWork += delegate(object s, DoWorkEventArgs args)
{
    worker.ReportProgress(1, "Step1");
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    worker.ReportProgress(2, "Step2");
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
    worker.ReportProgress(3, "Step3");
};
worker.ProgressChanged += delegate(object s, ProgressChangedEventArgs args)
{
    string step = (string)args.UserState;
    Messages.Clear();
    Messages.Add(new Message(step));
};
worker.RunWorkerAsync();

执行DoWork时，UI线程不会被占用，但ProgressChanged中的代码将在UI线程上执行。

Answer 2

您永远不应该调用Thread.Sleep当您在UI线程上时。这将阻止Dispatcher，并且不会进行渲染。绑定更新等。

如果您想在UpdateProgress（）调用之间等待，请使用DispatcherTimer。

Answer 3

在添加新消息之前，您正在清除这些消息。

private void UpdateProgress(string step)
{
    Messages.Clear(); // <- Why?
    Messages.Add(new Message(step));
    Thread.Sleep(1000);
}