设计和Simple_form关联错误

Question

我在创建注册我的 rails 应用程序时遇到问题，我正在使用 Devise 和 Simple_form，我有 2 个模型(用户和部门(、用户belongs_to :d部门和部门has_many：users，当我尝试注册时出现错误，说该部门必须退出。

devise/registrations/new.html.erb

<h2>Sign up</h2>
<%= simple_form_for(resource, as: resource_name, url: registration_path(resource_name)) do |f| %>
<%= f.error_notification %>
<div class="form-inputs">
<%= f.input :username, required: true, autofocus: true %>
<%= f.input :email, required: true %>
<%= f.input :password, required: true, hint: ("#{@minimum_password_length} characters minimum" if @minimum_password_length) %>
<%= f.input :password_confirmation, required: true %><br>
<%= f.association :department %>
</div>
<div class="form-actions">
<%= f.button :submit, "Sign up" %>
</div>
<% end %>
<%= render "devise/shared/links" %>

用户.rb：

class User < ApplicationRecord
# Include default devise modules. Others available are:
# :confirmable, :lockable, :timeoutable and :omniauthable
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
:recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable
validates_uniqueness_of :email, :username
belongs_to :department
has_and_belongs_to_many :courses
end

部门.rb：

class Department < ApplicationRecord
has_many :users
has_many :courses
end

我使用 seeds.rb 填充了部门表，并通过 mysql 控制台进行了检查。

schema.rb：

ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20180502071349) do
create_table "courses", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1" do |t|
t.string "name"
t.text "description"
t.bigint "department_id"
t.string "instructor_name"
t.integer "credit_hours"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.index ["department_id"], name: "index_courses_on_department_id"
end
create_table "departments", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1" do |t|
t.string "name"
t.text "description"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
end
create_table "enrollments", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1" do |t|
t.bigint "user_id"
t.bigint "courses_id"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.index ["courses_id"], name: "index_enrollments_on_courses_id"
t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_enrollments_on_user_id"
end
create_table "users", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1" do |t|
t.string "email", default: "", null: false
t.string "encrypted_password", default: "", null: false
t.string "username", default: "", null: false
t.bigint "department_id"
t.string "reset_password_token"
t.datetime "reset_password_sent_at"
t.datetime "remember_created_at"
t.integer "sign_in_count", default: 0, null: false
t.datetime "current_sign_in_at"
t.datetime "last_sign_in_at"
t.string "current_sign_in_ip"
t.string "last_sign_in_ip"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.index ["department_id"], name: "index_users_on_department_id"
t.index ["email"], name: "index_users_on_email", unique: true
t.index ["reset_password_token"], name: "index_users_on_reset_password_token", unique: true
t.index ["username"], name: "index_users_on_username", unique: true
end
add_foreign_key "courses", "departments"
add_foreign_key "enrollments", "courses", column: "courses_id"
add_foreign_key "enrollments", "users"
add_foreign_key "users", "departments"
end

迁移文件：

class CreateDepartments < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
create_table :departments do |t|
t.string :name
t.text :description
t.timestamps
end
end
end
# frozen_string_literal: true
class DeviseCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
create_table :users do |t|
## Database authenticatable
t.string :email,              null: false, default: ""
t.string :encrypted_password, null: false, default: ""
t.string :username,           null: false, default: ""
t.references :department, foreign_key: true
## Recoverable
t.string   :reset_password_token
t.datetime :reset_password_sent_at
## Rememberable
t.datetime :remember_created_at
## Trackable
t.integer  :sign_in_count, default: 0, null: false
t.datetime :current_sign_in_at
t.datetime :last_sign_in_at
t.string   :current_sign_in_ip
t.string   :last_sign_in_ip
## Confirmable
# t.string   :confirmation_token
# t.datetime :confirmed_at
# t.datetime :confirmation_sent_at
# t.string   :unconfirmed_email # Only if using reconfirmable
## Lockable
# t.integer  :failed_attempts, default: 0, null: false # Only if lock strategy is :failed_attempts
# t.string   :unlock_token # Only if unlock strategy is :email or :both
# t.datetime :locked_at

t.timestamps null: false
end
add_index :users, :email,                unique: true
add_index :users, :reset_password_token, unique: true
add_index :users, :username,             unique: true
# add_index :users, :confirmation_token,   unique: true
# add_index :users, :unlock_token,         unique: true
end
end
class CreateCourses < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
create_table :courses do |t|
t.string :name
t.text :description
t.references :department, foreign_key: true
t.string :instructor_name
t.integer :credit_hours
t.timestamps
end
create_table :enrollments do |t|
t.references :user, foreign_key: true
t.references :courses, foreign_key: true
t.timestamps
end
end
end

附言，我刚刚开始使用导轨，感谢您的帮助。

错误截图：

Answer 1

Devise 对你的 none 标准department_id字段一无所知，并将其过滤为不允许的参数。

创建您自己的注册控制器(扩展 Devise(，然后自定义以下方法：

def sign_up_params
params.require(:user).permit(:first_name, :last_name, :email, :password, :password_confirmation, :department_id)
end

这只是一个示例。用您的真实字段名称感受它

Answer 2

Rails 从 5.1 左右开始对新生成的应用程序进行了必要的belongs_to验证。

您可以通过以下方式禁用它：

class User < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :department, optional: true
end

这样，您可以先创建具有空部门的用户。