我在一个目录中有很多tiff文件，必须重命名，但是有数百个，所以可能很麻烦。文件如下所示：
basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0005_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0006_6.0.mrc
etc...
我需要做的就是更改文件名的中间部分，以便将前 41 个.mrc文件更改为：
basefilename_0001_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0001_6.0.mrc
etc.
和第二批 41 批.mrc文件：
basefilename_0043_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0044_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0045_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0046_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc
将重命名为
basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0002_6.0.mrc
etc.
所以基本上我必须在"basefilename_"之后和下一个"_"之前解析并重命名，以便数字不是升序，而只是 0001。但是我有数百个这样的文件，我需要确保每 41 个mrc文件在basefile名称之后和下一个描述之前都是相同的编号。
实际上，您可以使用bash本身提供的本机工具执行所需的操作，而无需依赖任何需要生成单独子shell的单独实用程序。Bash 通过子字符串替换提供参数扩展，您可以使用子字符串替换_????_之间的文本与所需的新文本(例如0001， ...
Bash 还提供了printf -v var，可让您man 3 print的所有格式灵活性，同时让您将格式化的输出保存在var中。因此，例如，如果我有一个值1，我想将其格式化为0001并存储在变量blkno中，这是一个简单的printf -v "%04d" '1'问题。
将其与一个简单的计数器相结合，然后使用modulo运算符提供的 bash 进行操作，您可以使用以下操作：
#!/bin/bash
ext=${1:-mrc} ## extension of files to select
declare -i blksz=${2:-41} cnt=0 blk=1 ## files per-block, counters
printf -v blkno "%04d" $blk ## format 1st blk as 0001
for i in *.$ext; do ## loop over each file with extension
## test output showing what would be moved, to new name
printf "mv %-28s %sn" "$i" "${i/_*_/_${blkno}_}"
## mv "$i" "${i/_*_/_${blkno}_}" ## (uncomment for actual move)
(((cnt+1) % blksz == 0)) && { ## check if blksz output
((blk++)) ## increment blk number
printf -v blkno "%04d" $blk ## format as 4-digit w/leading zeros
}
((cnt++)) ## increment count
done
请注意，脚本将要循环的文件扩展名(默认值为.mrc(和要包含在默认情况下的每个块中的文件数作为其第一个参数41。
示例输入文件
我没有你的确切文件，所以我用循环和touch生成了类似的东西，例如
basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0005_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0006_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0007_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0008_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0009_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0010_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0011_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0012_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0013_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0014_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0015_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0016_-21.0.mrc
basefilename_0017_24.0.mrc
basefilename_0018_-24.0.mrc
basefilename_0019_27.0.mrc
basefilename_0020_-27.0.mrc
basefilename_0021_30.0.mrc
basefilename_0022_-30.0.mrc
basefilename_0023_33.0.mrc
basefilename_0024_-33.0.mrc
basefilename_0025_36.0.mrc
basefilename_0026_-36.0.mrc
basefilename_0027_39.0.mrc
basefilename_0028_-39.0.mrc
basefilename_0029_42.0.mrc
basefilename_0030_-42.0.mrc
basefilename_0031_45.0.mrc
basefilename_0032_-45.0.mrc
basefilename_0033_48.0.mrc
basefilename_0034_-48.0.mrc
basefilename_0035_51.0.mrc
basefilename_0036_-51.0.mrc
basefilename_0037_54.0.mrc
basefilename_0038_-54.0.mrc
basefilename_0039_57.0.mrc
basefilename_0040_-57.0.mrc
basefilename_0041_60.0.mrc
basefilename_0042_-60.0.mrc
basefilename_0043_0.0.mrc
basefilename_0044_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0045_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0046_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0048_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0049_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0050_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0051_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0052_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0053_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0054_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0055_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0056_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0057_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0058_-21.0.mrc
basefilename_0059_24.0.mrc
basefilename_0060_-24.0.mrc
basefilename_0061_27.0.mrc
basefilename_0062_-27.0.mrc
basefilename_0063_30.0.mrc
basefilename_0064_-30.0.mrc
basefilename_0065_33.0.mrc
basefilename_0066_-33.0.mrc
basefilename_0067_36.0.mrc
basefilename_0068_-36.0.mrc
basefilename_0069_39.0.mrc
basefilename_0070_-39.0.mrc
basefilename_0071_42.0.mrc
basefilename_0072_-42.0.mrc
basefilename_0073_45.0.mrc
basefilename_0074_-45.0.mrc
basefilename_0075_48.0.mrc
basefilename_0076_-48.0.mrc
basefilename_0077_51.0.mrc
basefilename_0078_-51.0.mrc
basefilename_0079_54.0.mrc
basefilename_0080_-54.0.mrc
basefilename_0081_57.0.mrc
basefilename_0082_-57.0.mrc
basefilename_0083_60.0.mrc
basefilename_0084_-60.0.mrc
basefilename_0085_0.0.mrc
basefilename_0086_-0.0.mrc
basefilename_0087_3.0.mrc
basefilename_0088_-3.0.mrc
basefilename_0089_6.0.mrc
basefilename_0090_-6.0.mrc
basefilename_0091_9.0.mrc
basefilename_0092_-9.0.mrc
basefilename_0093_12.0.mrc
basefilename_0094_-12.0.mrc
basefilename_0095_15.0.mrc
basefilename_0096_-15.0.mrc
basefilename_0097_18.0.mrc
basefilename_0098_-18.0.mrc
basefilename_0099_21.0.mrc
basefilename_0100_-21.0.mrc
示例使用/输出
注意：实际移动mv行被注释掉，以便您在执行实际移动之前测试脚本并根据需要进行调整。取消注释以mv开头的行，当您满意时，它会根据需要执行。
脚本输出移动的文件，文件的原始文件名和新文件名，例如
mv basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc basefilename_0001_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0004_-3.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0005_6.0.mrc basefilename_0001_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0006_-6.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0007_9.0.mrc basefilename_0001_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0008_-9.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0009_12.0.mrc basefilename_0001_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0010_-12.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0011_15.0.mrc basefilename_0001_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0012_-15.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0013_18.0.mrc basefilename_0001_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0014_-18.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0015_21.0.mrc basefilename_0001_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0016_-21.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0017_24.0.mrc basefilename_0001_24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0018_-24.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0019_27.0.mrc basefilename_0001_27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0020_-27.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0021_30.0.mrc basefilename_0001_30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0022_-30.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0023_33.0.mrc basefilename_0001_33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0024_-33.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0025_36.0.mrc basefilename_0001_36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0026_-36.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0027_39.0.mrc basefilename_0001_39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0028_-39.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0029_42.0.mrc basefilename_0001_42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0030_-42.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0031_45.0.mrc basefilename_0001_45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0032_-45.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0033_48.0.mrc basefilename_0001_48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0034_-48.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0035_51.0.mrc basefilename_0001_51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0036_-51.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0037_54.0.mrc basefilename_0001_54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0038_-54.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0039_57.0.mrc basefilename_0001_57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0040_-57.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0041_60.0.mrc basefilename_0001_60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0042_-60.0.mrc basefilename_0001_-60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0043_0.0.mrc basefilename_0002_0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0044_-0.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0045_3.0.mrc basefilename_0002_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0046_-3.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0047_6.0.mrc basefilename_0002_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0048_-6.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0049_9.0.mrc basefilename_0002_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0050_-9.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0051_12.0.mrc basefilename_0002_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0052_-12.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0053_15.0.mrc basefilename_0002_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0054_-15.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0055_18.0.mrc basefilename_0002_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0056_-18.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0057_21.0.mrc basefilename_0002_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0058_-21.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0059_24.0.mrc basefilename_0002_24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0060_-24.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-24.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0061_27.0.mrc basefilename_0002_27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0062_-27.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-27.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0063_30.0.mrc basefilename_0002_30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0064_-30.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-30.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0065_33.0.mrc basefilename_0002_33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0066_-33.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-33.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0067_36.0.mrc basefilename_0002_36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0068_-36.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-36.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0069_39.0.mrc basefilename_0002_39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0070_-39.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-39.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0071_42.0.mrc basefilename_0002_42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0072_-42.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-42.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0073_45.0.mrc basefilename_0002_45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0074_-45.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-45.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0075_48.0.mrc basefilename_0002_48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0076_-48.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-48.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0077_51.0.mrc basefilename_0002_51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0078_-51.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-51.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0079_54.0.mrc basefilename_0002_54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0080_-54.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-54.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0081_57.0.mrc basefilename_0002_57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0082_-57.0.mrc basefilename_0002_-57.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0083_60.0.mrc basefilename_0002_60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0084_-60.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-60.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0085_0.0.mrc basefilename_0003_0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0086_-0.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-0.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0087_3.0.mrc basefilename_0003_3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0088_-3.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-3.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0089_6.0.mrc basefilename_0003_6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0090_-6.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-6.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0091_9.0.mrc basefilename_0003_9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0092_-9.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-9.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0093_12.0.mrc basefilename_0003_12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0094_-12.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-12.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0095_15.0.mrc basefilename_0003_15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0096_-15.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-15.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0097_18.0.mrc basefilename_0003_18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0098_-18.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-18.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0099_21.0.mrc basefilename_0003_21.0.mrc
mv basefilename_0100_-21.0.mrc basefilename_0003_-21.0.mrc
仔细查看，如果您有其他问题，请告诉我。
我相信有比以下 shell 脚本更好的方法来获取您想要的内容，但假设文件根据需要排序，应该可以像下面这样的事情工作：
#!/bin/bash
set -e
count=1
index=1
for p in *.mrc; do
if expr $count == 42 > /dev/null; then
index=`expr $index + 1`
count=1
else
count=`expr $count + 1`
fi
mv $p `echo $p | sed -e "s/(.*_)([0-9]*)(_.*)/1000${index}3/"`
done
上面的sed命令将文件名$p分成三个部分，在转义的括号对之间找到，( ... )：
- 基本文件名(例如
foo_(，保留在1， - 您正在修改的中心数字，替换为
000${index}，其中${index}扩展到第一组 41 个文件的1，第二组文件的2，依此类推，以及 - 后缀(例如
_3.0.mrc(，保留在3
这不是一个非常健壮的实现，因为如果$index大于9，您最终可能会得到像00023这样的中心数字，但我认为您已经了解了自己的实现的想法。
除了sed，您还可以使用内置的 Bash 字符串操作。 请参阅高级 Bash 脚本指南中的第 10.1 节操作字符串。