我正在按照rails教程进行操作，遇到了此错误。错误显示缺少 sqlite3.h。但是我已经从官方网站下载了sqlite3并正确安装了它。为什么缺少sqlite3.h？我该如何解决这个问题？我是否必须下载一个名为sqlite3.h的特定文件才能使其正常工作？
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.914]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:UsersXu Zeng>cd blog
C:UsersXu Zengblog>rails server
Could not find gem 'rails (~> 5.1.7) x64-mingw32' in any of the gem sources listed in your Gemfile.
Run `bundle install` to install missing gems.
C:UsersXu Zengblog>bundle install
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/..............
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
Resolving dependencies....
Using rake 13.0.1
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.5
Using i18n 1.7.0
Using minitest 5.13.0
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.6
Using activesupport 5.1.7
Using builder 3.2.4
Using erubi 1.9.0
Using mini_portile2 2.4.0
Using nokogiri 1.10.7 (x64-mingw32)
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.5
Using loofah 2.4.0
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.3.0
Using actionview 5.1.7
Using rack 2.0.8
Using rack-test 1.1.0
Using actionpack 5.1.7
Using nio4r 2.5.2
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.4
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.7
Using globalid 0.4.2
Using activejob 5.1.7
Using mini_mime 1.0.2
Using mail 2.7.1
Using actionmailer 5.1.7
Using activemodel 5.1.7
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.7
Using public_suffix 4.0.2
Using addressable 2.7.0
Using bindex 0.8.1
Using bundler 1.17.2
Using byebug 11.0.1
Using regexp_parser 1.6.0
Using xpath 3.2.0
Using capybara 3.30.0
Using childprocess 3.0.0
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using method_source 0.9.2
Using thor 1.0.1
Fetching railties 5.1.7
Installing railties 5.1.7
Fetching coffee-rails 4.2.2
Installing coffee-rails 4.2.2
Fetching ffi 1.11.3 (x64-mingw32)
Installing ffi 1.11.3 (x64-mingw32)
Fetching jbuilder 2.9.1
Installing jbuilder 2.9.1
Fetching puma 3.12.2
Installing puma 3.12.2 with native extensions
Fetching sprockets 3.7.2
Installing sprockets 3.7.2
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Fetching rails 5.1.7
Installing rails 5.1.7
Fetching rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Installing rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Fetching rb-inotify 0.10.1
Installing rb-inotify 0.10.1
Fetching rubyzip 2.0.0
Installing rubyzip 2.0.0
Fetching sass-listen 4.0.0
Installing sass-listen 4.0.0
Fetching sass 3.7.4
Installing sass 3.7.4
Fetching tilt 2.0.10
Installing tilt 2.0.10
Fetching sass-rails 5.0.7
Installing sass-rails 5.0.7
Fetching selenium-webdriver 3.142.7
Installing selenium-webdriver 3.142.7
Fetching sqlite3 1.4.2
Installing sqlite3 1.4.2 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory:
C:/Ruby26-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2/ext/sqlite3
C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I C:/Ruby26-x64/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r
./siteconf20191229-3908-1eyuunw.rb extconf.rb
checking for sqlite3.h... no
sqlite3.h is missing. Install SQLite3 from http://www.sqlite.org/ first.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=C:/Ruby26-x64/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-config
--without-sqlite3-config
--with-pkg-config
--without-pkg-config
--with-sqlcipher
--without-sqlcipher
--with-sqlite3-dir
--without-sqlite3-dir
--with-sqlite3-include
--without-sqlite3-include=${sqlite3-dir}/include
--with-sqlite3-lib
--without-sqlite3-lib=${sqlite3-dir}/lib
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
be found here:
C:/Ruby26-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.6.0/sqlite3-1.4.2/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in
C:/Ruby26-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/gems/sqlite3-1.4.2 for inspection.
Results logged to
C:/Ruby26-x64/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0/extensions/x64-mingw32/2.6.0/sqlite3-1.4.2/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.4.2), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.4.2' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'`
succeeds before bundling.
In Gemfile:
sqlite3
MKMF.log是这样的
"pkg-config --exists sqlite3"
package configuration for sqlite3 is not found
find_header: checking for sqlite3.h... -------------------- no
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -DTAINTING_SUPPORT conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby26-x64/lib -L. -pipe -s -lx64-msvcrt-ruby260 -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
6: {
7: return 0;
8: }
/* end */
"x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -E -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0/x64-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby26-x64/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -DTAINTING_SUPPORT conftest.c -o conftest.i"
conftest.c:5:10: fatal error: sqlite3.h: No such file or directory
5 | #include <sqlite3.h>
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <sqlite3.h>
/* end */
--------------------
安装某些 gem 时，如果安装失败，我认为您的系统缺少一些本机要求。对于SQLite3，我认为您需要先在操作系统中安装sqlite3，sqlite3客户端。