是否有可能加快这种方法的速度



我有一个方法,该方法使用循环遍历7,753+对象并获取每个对象的每个属性的值。每个对象都有14属性。

private void InitializeData(IList objects, PropertyInfo[] props, List<DPV> dataPs, List<Dictionary<string, object>> tod)
{
    foreach (var item in objects)
    {
        var kvp = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        foreach (var p in props)
        {
            var dataPs = dataPs.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name == p.Name);
            object returnData;
            if (dataPoint != null)
            {
                int maxLength = (dataP.MaxLength == null) ? 0 : (int) dataP.MaxLength;
                returnData = p.GetValue(item, null);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dataP.FormatString) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(returnData.ToString()))
                {
                    returnData = FormatDataForDisplay(returnData, dataP, maxLength, "", 8);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                returnData = p.GetValue(item, null);
            }
            kvp.Add(p.Name, returnData);
        }
        tod.Add(kvp);
    }
}

我相信GetValue是这种方法花费大部分时间的原因,该方法运行大约需要900ms,但GetValue所谓的800,000+次大约需要750ms (total, not per-call)

public List<Dictionary<string, object>> GetColumnOptions<T>(List<T> list)
    {
        var tod= new List<Dictionary<string, object>>();

        var objects = (IList)list[0];
        Type objType = objects[0].GetType();
        var props = objType.GetProperties(BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly |
                                                         BindingFlags.Public |
                                                         BindingFlags.Instance);

        var dPs= GetDPs();

        //Initialize aaData
        //I don't believe this is correct
        InitializeData2<T>(new List<T> { (T) objects}, props, dPs, tod);
        return tod;
    }

对于您的值类,您可以创建直接二传手和获取器 lambda.
性能几乎与直接访问产品一样快。

从属性信息获取二传手

var propertyInfo = typeof(MyType).GetProperty("MyPropertValue");
var propertySetter = FastInvoke.BuildUntypedSetter<T>(propertyInfo));
var fieldInfo = typeof(MyType).GetField("MyFieldValue");
var fieldSetter = FastInvoke.BuildUntypedSetter<T>(fieldInfo));

循环中的用法

var myTarget = new MyType();
setter(myTarget, aNewValue)

检索快速 Setter an Getter 的助手

public static class FastInvoke {
    public static Func<T, object> BuildUntypedGetter<T>(MemberInfo memberInfo)
    {
        var targetType = memberInfo.DeclaringType;
        var exInstance = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "t");
        var exMemberAccess = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(exInstance, memberInfo);       // t.PropertyName
        var exConvertToObject = Expression.Convert(exMemberAccess, typeof(object));     // Convert(t.PropertyName, typeof(object))
        var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, object>>(exConvertToObject, exInstance);
        var action = lambda.Compile();
        return action;
    }
    public static Action<T, object> BuildUntypedSetter<T>(MemberInfo memberInfo)
    {
        var targetType = memberInfo.DeclaringType;
        var exInstance = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "t");
        var exMemberAccess = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(exInstance, memberInfo);
        // t.PropertValue(Convert(p))
        var exValue = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "p");
        var exConvertedValue = Expression.Convert(exValue, GetUnderlyingType(memberInfo));
        var exBody = Expression.Assign(exMemberAccess, exConvertedValue);
        var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Action<T, object>>(exBody, exInstance, exValue);
        var action = lambda.Compile();
        return action;
    }
    private static Type GetUnderlyingType(this MemberInfo member)
    {
        switch (member.MemberType)
        {
            case MemberTypes.Event:
                return ((EventInfo)member).EventHandlerType;
            case MemberTypes.Field:
                return ((FieldInfo)member).FieldType;
            case MemberTypes.Method:
                return ((MethodInfo)member).ReturnType;
            case MemberTypes.Property:
                return ((PropertyInfo)member).PropertyType;
            default:
                throw new ArgumentException
                (
                 "Input MemberInfo must be if type EventInfo, FieldInfo, MethodInfo, or PropertyInfo"
                );
        }
    }
}
<小时 />==============

添加性能分析 ===

===============

5 Mio 对象,20 属性

  • 3.4s 直接属性访问
  • 130.0s 通过 PropertyInfo.SetValue
  • 4.0s 通过 TypedSetter (代码显示在文章中(
  • 9.8s 通过 UnTypedSetter (上面的代码(

诀窍是为每个类生成一次属性setter和-getter,并重用它们。

// Create an fill objects fast from DataReader
// http://flurfunk.sdx-ag.de/2012/05/c-performance-bei-der-befullungmapping.html 
static List<T> CreateObjectFromReader<T>(IDataReader reader)
    where T : new()
{
  // Prepare
  List<string> fieldNames = GetFieldNames(reader);
  List<Action<T, object>> setterList = new List<Action<T, object>>();
 
  // Create Property-Setter and store it in an array 
  foreach (var field in fieldNames)
  {
    var propertyInfo = typeof(T).GetProperty(field);
    setterList.Add(FastInvoke.BuildUntypedSetter<T>(propertyInfo));
  }
  Action<T, object>[] setterArray = setterList.ToArray();
 
  // generate and fill objects
  while (reader.Read())
  {
    T xclass = new T();
    int fieldNumber = 0;
 
    for (int i = 0; i< setterArray.Length; i++) 
    {
        // call setter
        setterArray[i](xclass, reader.GetValue(i));
        fieldNumber++;
    } 
    result.Add(xclass);
  }
}

我的原始文章(德语文本和旧代码(https://web.archive.org/web/20141020092917/http://flurfunk.sdx-ag.de/2012/05/c-performance-bei-der-befullungmapping.html

如果问题确实出在方法调用PropertyInfo.GetValue则可以使用该方法构建属性获取者缓存(例如通过编译的表达式(。以下示例演示了此方法在具有 14 个属性(具有热缓存(的 8000 个对象上比原始方法快 30-40%:

static void Main(string[] args) {
    IList objects = new List<Obj>();
    for(int i = 0; i < 8000; i++)
        objects.Add(new Obj());
    var properties = typeof(Obj).GetProperties();

    var sw1 = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
    InitializeData1(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>());
    sw1.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("Reflection PropertyInfo.GetValue: " + sw1.ElapsedTicks.ToString());
    // cold cache testing
    var sw2_coldCache = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
    InitializeData2<Obj>(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>(), new Dictionary<string, Func<Obj, object>>());
    sw2_coldCache.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("Cached Getters (Cold cache): " + sw2_coldCache.ElapsedTicks.ToString());
    // cache initialization
    InitializeData2<Obj>(new List<Obj> { new Obj() }, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>(), gettersCache);
    // hot cache testing
    var sw2_hotCache = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
    InitializeData2<Obj>(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>(), gettersCache);
    sw2_hotCache.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("Cached Getters (Hot cache): " + sw2_hotCache.ElapsedTicks.ToString());
    var sw3 = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
    InitializeData3(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>());
    sw3.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("returnProps special method: " + sw3.ElapsedTicks.ToString());
    var sw4 = System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch.StartNew();
    InitializeData2_NonGeneric(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>());
    sw4.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("Cached Getters (runtime types resolving): " + sw4.ElapsedTicks.ToString());
}

以下是原始实现(出于测试目的而减少(:

static void InitializeData1(IList objects, PropertyInfo[] props, List<Dictionary<string, object>> tod) {
    foreach(var item in objects) {
        var kvp = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        foreach(var p in props) {
            kvp.Add(p.Name, p.GetValue(item, null));
        }
        tod.Add(kvp);
    }
}

以下是优化的实现:

static IDictionary<string, Func<Obj, object>> gettersCache = new Dictionary<string, Func<Obj, object>>();
static void InitializeData2<T>(IList objects, PropertyInfo[] props, List<Dictionary<string, object>> tod, IDictionary<string, Func<T, object>> getters) {
    Func<T, object> getter;
    foreach(T item in objects) {
        var kvp = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        foreach(var p in props) {
            if(!getters.TryGetValue(p.Name, out getter)) {
                getter = GetValueGetter<T>(p);
                getters.Add(p.Name, getter);
            }
            kvp.Add(p.Name, getter(item));
        }
        tod.Add(kvp);
    }
}
static Func<T, object> GetValueGetter<T>(PropertyInfo propertyInfo) {
    var instance = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Parameter(propertyInfo.DeclaringType, "i");
    var property = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Property(instance, propertyInfo);
    var convert = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.TypeAs(property, typeof(object));
    return (Func<T, object>)System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Lambda(convert, instance).Compile();
}

测试类:

class Obj {
    public int p00 { set; get; }
    public string p01 { set; get; }
    public float p02 { set; get; }
    public double p03 { set; get; }
    public char p04 { set; get; }
    public byte p05 { set; get; }
    public long p06 { set; get; }
    public int p07 { set; get; }
    public string p08 { set; get; }
    public float p09 { set; get; }
    public double p10 { set; get; }
    public char p11 { set; get; }
    public byte p12 { set; get; }
    public long p13 { set; get; }
}

更新:瓦罗卡巴斯的解决方案添加到测试中

static void InitializeData3(IList objects, PropertyInfo[] props, List<Dictionary<string, object>> tod) {
    foreach(Obj item in objects) {
        var kvp = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        foreach(var p in props) {
            kvp.Add(p.Name, returnProps(p.Name, item));
        }
        tod.Add(kvp);
    }
}
static object returnProps(string propName, Obj curObject) {
    if(propName == "p00") {
        return curObject.p00;
    }
    else if(propName == "p01") {
        return curObject.p01;
    }
    else if(propName == "p02") {
        return curObject.p02;
    }
    else if(propName == "p03") {
        return curObject.p03;
    }
    else if(propName == "p04") {
        return curObject.p04;
    }
    else if(propName == "p05") {
        return curObject.p05;
    }
    else if(propName == "p06") {
        return curObject.p06;
    }
    else if(propName == "p07") {
        return curObject.p07;
    }
    else if(propName == "p08") {
        return curObject.p08;
    }
    else if(propName == "p09") {
        return curObject.p09;
    }
    else if(propName == "p10") {
        return curObject.p10;
    }
    else if(propName == "p11") {
        return curObject.p11;
    }
    else if(propName == "p12") {
        return curObject.p12;
    }
    else if(propName == "p13") {
        return curObject.p13;
    }
    return new object();
}

控制台结果:(发布,x64((酷睿i5 M560 @2.67 GHz,8GB RAM,Win7x64(

Reflection PropertyInfo.GetValue: 161288
Cached Getters (Cold cache): 153808
Cached Getters (Hot cache): 110837
returnProps special method: 128905

因此,缓存方法是最好的。


UPDATE2示例中演示的方法旨在用于在编译时已知objects元素的类型(通用方式(:

InitializeData2<Obj>(...)

如果使用在编译时类型未知的对象列表,则可以使用以下方法在运行时调用InitializeData2<>泛型方法:

InitializeData2_NonGeneric(objects, properties, new List<Dictionary<string, object>>());
//...
static void InitializeData2_NonGeneric(IList objects, PropertyInfo[] props, List<Dictionary<string, object>> tod) {
    Type elementType = objects[0].GetType();
    var genericMethodInfo = typeof(Program).GetMethod("InitializeData2", BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
    var genericMethod = genericMethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { elementType });
    var genericGetterType = typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(elementType,typeof(object));
    var genericCacheType = typeof(Dictionary<,>).MakeGenericType(typeof(string), genericGetterType);
    var genericCacheConstructor = genericCacheType.GetConstructor(new Type[] { });
    genericMethod.Invoke(null, new object[] { objects, props, tod, genericCacheConstructor.Invoke(new object[] { }) });
}

我做了一个简单的测试,用一个执行简单赋值的函数替换了有问题的.GetValue("如果属性的名称是blabla,则值是Object.blabla"(。测试仅包含函数/变量/属性的简单版本和一个允许完全控制迭代次数的循环。结果肯定令人惊讶:新方法的速度提高了 10 倍!请记住,在我的原始测试(50000 次迭代(中,时间是 2276(旧(和 234(新(。对于不同的场景,这种差异保持不变;例如,对于 8000 次迭代,它提供 358ms 而不是 36ms。我已经在一台非常强大的计算机和 C# winforms 上完成了这些测试;@Xaisoft可以采用下面的代码,在他的特定条件下进行测试并告诉结果。

代码:

 private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
 {
     List<List> var = new List<List>();
     List var1 = new List();
     var1.var = 1;
     var1.var2 = 1;
     var1.var3 = 1;
     var1.var4 = 1;
     var1.var5 = 1;
     List var2 = new List();
     var2.var = 1;
     var2.var2 = 1;
     var2.var3 = 1;
     var2.var4 = 1;
     var2.var5 = 1;
     List var3 = new List();
     var3.var = 1;
     var3.var2 = 1;
     var3.var3 = 1;
     var3.var4 = 1;
     var3.var5 = 1;
     List var4 = new List();
     var4.var = 1;
     var4.var2 = 1;
     var4.var3 = 1;
     var4.var4 = 1;
     var4.var5 = 1;
     var.Add(var1);
     var.Add(var2);
     var.Add(var3);
     var.Add(var4);
     InitializeData(var, typeof(List).GetProperties());
 }
 private static void InitializeData(List<List> objects, PropertyInfo[] props)
 {
     DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
     int count = 0;
     do
     {
         count = count + 1;
         foreach (var item in objects)
         {
             foreach (var p in props)
             {
                 object returnData = p.GetValue(item, null); //returnProps(p.Name, item);
             }
         }
     } while (count < 50000);

     TimeSpan timer = new TimeSpan();
     timer = DateTime.Now.Subtract(start);
 }
 private class List
 {
     public int var { set; get; }
     public int var2 { set; get; }
     public int var3 { set; get; }
     public int var4 { set; get; }
     public int var5 { set; get; }
     public int var6 { set; get; }
     public int var7 { set; get; }
     public int var8 { set; get; }
     public int var9 { set; get; }
     public int var10 { set; get; }
     public int var11 { set; get; }
     public int var12 { set; get; }
     public int var13 { set; get; }
     public int var14 { set; get; }
 }
 private static object returnProps(string propName, List curObject)
 {
     if (propName == "var")
     {
         return curObject.var;
     }
     else if (propName == "var2")
     {
         return curObject.var2;
     }
     else if (propName == "var3")
     {
         return curObject.var3;
     }
     else if (propName == "var4")
     {
         return curObject.var4;
     }
     else if (propName == "var5")
     {
         return curObject.var5;
     }
     else if (propName == "var6")
     {
         return curObject.var6;
     }
     else if (propName == "var7")
     {
         return curObject.var7;
     }
     else if (propName == "var8")
     {
         return curObject.var8;
     }
     else if (propName == "var9")
     {
         return curObject.var9;
     }
     else if (propName == "var10")
     {
         return curObject.var10;
     }
     else if (propName == "var11")
     {
         return curObject.var11;
     }
     else if (propName == "var12")
     {
         return curObject.var12;
     }
     else if (propName == "var13")
     {
         return curObject.var13;
     }
     else if (propName == "var14")
     {
         return curObject.var14;
     }
     return new object();
 }

最后说明:我希望人们更普遍地理解如此令人印象深刻的结果,而不仅仅是应用于.GetValue。如今,计算机可以处理很多事情,您实际上不需要最大化每个比特的性能,这是真的。另一方面,如果你有性能问题,你需要以更相关的方式"节省资源",你应该把你的改进重点放在"越简单,越快"的理念上。我已经使用相关数量的ListsDictionaries对代码进行了性能改进,即使在每次更改(List到传统Array之后,结果也很明显。你不需要在这方面过于危言耸听,但是,如果需要,请记住,相对于ArrayList的内存消耗/相关时间要求更高(并且这两个元素的作用基本相同(。多维数组、长尺寸数组等也是如此。

------更详细的性能分析

尽管我从一开始就非常清楚地表达了我的观点(只是一个必须适应每种情况的想法(,但我确实明白我的主张(快 10 倍(确实需要一个适当的定义。我一直在不同的条件下进行测试,结果如下:

注意:上述结果由 32 位可执行文件输出;下面的所有结果都来自 64 位可执行文件。我观察到从 32 位移动到 64 位时.GetValue性能有所提高。上述结果的更新 64 位版本为 (ms(:

                      GetValue       Direct Assignation     
50000 iterations ->    1197                 157
80000 iterations ->    1922                 253
100000 iterations ->   2354                 310

因此,该比率从10倍变为7.5倍。

我开始增加属性的数量(每次都是在 64 位上(,GetValue变得越来越好。结果:

28 Properties
                          GetValue       Direct Assignation     
    50000 iterations ->    2386                552
    80000 iterations ->    3857                872
Aver. ratio = 4.37
50 Properties
                          GetValue       Direct Assignation     
    50000 iterations ->    4292                1707
    80000 iterations ->    6772                2711
Aver. ratio = 2.475

我不确定GetValue的改进是否会继续下去,并且会达到比简单方法更好的地步,但谁在乎呢?在这一点上,很明显,越来越多的属性与简单化的方法背道而驰,所以是时候尝试一个不同的(同样非常简单的(替代方案了:存储所有属性的全局数组。

  private static int[,] List0;

与给定属性并行填充(即,当数组中的相应位置也填充object.propX = any value时(并由对象/属性位置(第一个对象、第三个属性等(引用。从逻辑上讲,这有对象数量的限制(将第一维增加到 1000 以上听起来不推荐(,但你可能会依赖不同的数组(一个存储从第一个对象到第 1000 个对象,另一个从第 1001 个存储到第 2000 个,等等(;您可以设置一个函数,将对象名称作为参数并返回相应的数组。

主循环中的修改:

int countObject = -1;
foreach (var item in objects)
{
    countObject = countObject + 1;
    int countProp = -1;
    foreach (var p in props)
    {
        countProp = countProp + 1;
        object returnData = List0[countObject, countProp];
    }
}

通过在上述情况下运行这种新方法,我得到:

50 Properties
                         GetValue           2D Array    
   80000 iterations ->    6772                155
Aver. ratio = 45.146

再来一个:

70 Properties
                          GetValue          2D Array     
    80000 iterations ->    10444               213
Aver. ratio = 49.06

我在这里停止了测试。我想这足以证明我的观点。

不同的

方法在不同的条件下提供不同的性能,因此了解情况理想配置的最佳方法是实际测试它。依靠一个终极真理很少是解决问题的最佳解决方案(尽管我可能是错的......仍在等待 DmitryG 的回复以在不同条件下测试他的解决方案(。因此,在测试条件下,对于属性数量相对较少(即低于 20(的情况,原始的简单方法似乎是可以接受的;在此之上,所需的硬编码工作似乎不值得,依靠不同的替代方案(如我提出的 2D 数组(更好。无论如何,GetValue显然表现不佳,可以通过许多不同的方式进行改进。

我希望我不需要再次更新这个答案:)

从上面的帖子继续:代码生成属性名称和(格式化(值的字典。所以我们只需要一个列表作为输入。从T我们可以得出所有信息。

    public Dictionary<string, object> ExtractParameterNameAndValue<T>(List<T> colleciton)
        where T : class
    {
        var result = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        // out of the loop - generate getters
        var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance);
        var getterList = new List<Func<T,object>>();
        foreach (var p in properties)
        {
            getterList.Add(MyStatic.BuildUntypedGetter<T>(p));
        }
        // Array of getters
        var getters = getterList.ToArray(); // improving performance (?) - never use Dictionary
        // Corresponding array of Names
        var names = properties.Select(p => p.Name).ToArray();
        // iterate all data
        int counter = 0;
        foreach (var item in colleciton)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i< getters.Length; i++)
            {
                var name = names[i]; // name from property
                var value = getters[i](item);  // value from getter-call
                result.Add(counter + " " + name, value); 
            }
            counter++;
        }
        return result; ;
    }

方法 BuildUntypedGetter(( 是这样的

   // see http://flurfunk.sdx-ag.de/2012/05/c-performance-bei-der-befullungmapping.html
   public static Func<T, object> BuildUntypedGetter<T>(PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
    {
        var targetType = propertyInfo.DeclaringType;
        var methodInfo = propertyInfo.GetGetMethod();
        var returnType = methodInfo.ReturnType;
        var exTarget = Expression.Parameter(targetType, "t");
        var exBody = Expression.Call(exTarget, methodInfo);
        var exBody2 = Expression.Convert(exBody, typeof(object));
        var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<T, object>>(exBody2, exTarget);
        var action = lambda.Compile();
        return action;
    }

无需在调用中指定类型。它由类型推断检测。

       var accountList = new List<Account>()
        {
            new Account { Name = "X1", Name2 ="X2"},
            new Account { Name = "X3", Name2 ="X4"},
            new Account { Name = "X5", Name2 ="X6"},
        };
        var result = ExtractParameterNameAndValue(accountList);

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