C - 试图将堆栈的顶部放入 Char 数组的分段错误

Question

我的代码中出现了分段错误，无法解释原因。我正在编写一个程序，该程序采用中缀表达式并使用 stuct 堆栈转换为后缀。

这是我的主要方法和声明以及我的堆栈声明：

#define LINELN 72
#define STACKSZ 25 
#define NEWLN 'n' 
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct stack {
char data[STACKSZ];
int top;
} stack;
void initstk(stack *s1);
int emptystk(stack s1);
char peek(stack s);
int getline(char infix[]);
void push(char item, stack *s);
char pop(stack *s);
int preced(char x);
void processinfix(char infix[], int l, char postifx[]);
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char infix[LINELN];
char postfix[LINELN];
processinfix(infix,getline(infix),postfix);
 exit(0);
}

我已经测试过并且正在工作的方法都是基本的堆栈操作方法：

//makes top of stack -1
void initstk(stack *s1) {
s1->top=-1;
}
//returns 1 if stack is empty, 0 otherwise
int emptystk(stack s) {

if(s.top == -1){
return one;
}
else{
    return 0;
}
}
 //peeks at top of the stack
char peek(stack s) {
return s.data[s.top];
}
//pushes value to top of stack 
void push(char item, stack *s) {
   s->top = s->top +1;
   s->data[s->top] = item;
}
//pops off the top of stack and returns it
char pop(stack *s) {
char x;
x = s -> data[s->top];
s-> top =s->top-1;
return x;
}
//gives character a precedence number according to what it is
int preced(char x) {
switch (x) {
    case '(':
    case ')':
        return 3;
    case '*':
    case '/':
    case '%':
        return 2;
    case '+':        case '-':
        return 1;
  }
    return 0;
}

我有一个函数 getLine(( 它接受用户输入，例如：A+B，并将其存储在中缀 [] 中

。

int getline(char infix[]){
    char c;
    int i=0;
    printf("Type in your expression");
    while((c = getchar()) !=NEWLN && i <= LINELN && c != ' ' ){
    infix[i]=c;
    i++;
}
return i;   

}

我的下一个函数是对中缀表达式进行排序并将其放入后缀[]

   void processinfix(char infix[], int inlen, char postfix[])
  {
    stack s1;
    initstk(&s1);
    printf("%d characters are in infixn", inlen);
    int i =0;       
    int k=0;
            // while "i" isnt bigger then the number of elements in infix
    while( i<sizeof(infix)){
           /* if infix[i] is a letter send it to post fix right away, 
             increment inlen down one because infix is now smaller by 1 */
if (('a'<=  infix[i]&& infix[i] <= 'z') ||( 'A' <= infix[i]&& infix[i] 
     <='Z')){
        printf("%c is a letter, sending to postfixn", infix[i]);
        postfix[k] = infix[i];
        inlen--;
        printf("infix has shrinked by 1n");
        k++;

}
 /* else if infix[i] has a higher precedence then whats on top of stack 
  push infix[i] on to stack and increment inlen down 1 */
  else if(preced(infix[i])>preced( s1.data[s1.top])){
       push(infix[i],&s1);
       inlen--;
       printf("infix has shrinked by 1n");
       printf("%c is top of stackn", s1.data[s1.top]);
} 
   /* else if infix[i] is lower or equal to whats on top of stack. put 
   top of  stack into postfix[] until infix[i] is higher precedene then 
    top of stack. then put it on top of stack and decrease */
else if(preced(infix[i]) <= preced(s1.data[s1.top])){
       printf("%c is  higher or equal  then %cn", s1.data[s1.top], 
       infix[i]);
    while (preced(infix[i])<=preced(s1.data[s1.top])){
        postfix[k] = s1.data[s1.top];
        printf("%c is put into postfix expressionn", s1.data[s1.top]);
        pop(&s1);
        k++;
 }
    push(infix[i], &s1);
    inlen--;
    printf("%c is now the topn", s1.data[s1.top]);
 }
// if nothing is left in infix pop stack until s1.top = -1 
if(inlen==0){
     printf("nothing left in infixn");
     while (s1.top!= -1){
     printf("sendin %c to postfixn", s1.data[s1.top]);
     postfix[k]=s1.data[s1.top]
     pop(&s1);
     k++;
}
break;
}
i++;
}
// print postfix
int x=0;
while(x<= sizeof(postfix)){
printf("%s",postfix[x]);
x++;
}
printf("n");
}

我得到的输出是

Type in your expressionA+B
3 characters are in infix
A is a letter, sending to postfix
infix has shrinked by 1
infix has shrinked by 1
+ is top of stack
B is a letter, sending to postfix
infix has shrinked by 1
nothing left in infix
sending + to postfix
Segmentation fault

所以一切都运行良好，直到它遇到

if(inlen==0){
    printf("nothing left in infixn");
    while (s1.top!= -1){
    printf("sendin %c to postfixn", s1.data[s1.top]);
    THIS LINE -> postfix[k]=s1.data[s1.top]<-THIS LINE
    pop(&s1);
    k++;
}

后缀[k] = s1.data[s1.top];在while循环中很常见，但在这里不工作。有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

在修复了一些错误后，代码编译，你会从编译器得到几个警告。其中之一是：

foo.c:183:18: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
         printf("%s",postfix[x]);
                 ~^  ~~~~~~~~~~
                 %d

您使用了错误的格式说明符。 postfix[x]是一个字符(在这种情况下转换为整数，因此是关于"int"的警告(，而不是字符串。您应该使用"%c"而不是"%s"。

此更改后，当我运行它时，程序不再崩溃。