Arduino LCD 显示屏显示混乱的字母

Question

在状态之间切换时，行会变得混乱，字符会混淆。我在网上看到的任何帮助都没有，库中的示例代码工作得很好。我认为主要问题来自何时擦拭LCD干净，但我不知道应该在哪里擦拭。我已经多次将其从 loop(( 移动到案例中，延迟无济于事。

#include <TimeLib.h>
#include <DS1307RTC.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
#include "RTClib.h"
RTC_DS1307 rtc;
const int hourButton = 2; // Interrupt Pin 0 -- TOP
const int minuteButton = 3; // Interrupt Pin 1 -- 2nd
const int displayStateButton = 18; // Interrupt Pin 5 -- 3rd
const int alarmButton = 19; // Interrupt Pin 4 -- BOTTOM

int buttonState = LOW; 
int redPin = 4; 
int greenPin = 5; // RGB LED Pins
int bluePin = 6;
int alarmPin = 13; // Alarm Pin
enum DeviceDisplayState {CLOCK, ALARM, DATE, YEAR}; // All different states
DeviceDisplayState displayState = CLOCK; // Initially in Clock State
#ifdef DEBOUNCE
long lastDebounceTime = 0;
long debounceDelay = 60;
#endif
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
Serial.begin(57600);
// Set the time:: //
const int hourInit = 1;
const int minuteInit = 2;
const int secondInit = 1;
const int dayInit = 3;
const int monthInit = 4;
const int yearInit = 2020;
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yearInit, monthInit, dayInit, hourInit , minuteInit, secondInit));
pinMode(hourButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(minuteButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(displayStateButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
attachInterrupt(0, increaseHour, FALLING); 
attachInterrupt(1, increaseMinute, FALLING); 
attachInterrupt(5, SwitchToNextDisplayState, FALLING); 
pinMode(redPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bluePin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(alarmPin, OUTPUT);
SwitchToClockState();
};
void RGB_color(int red_light_value, int green_light_value, int blue_light_value)
{
analogWrite(redPin, red_light_value);
analogWrite(greenPin, green_light_value);
analogWrite(bluePin, blue_light_value);
}
void increaseHour()
{
DateTime dt = rtc.now();
Serial.print("Previous Time: " + dt.hour());
if (dt.hour() < 23)
{
TimeSpan ts(3600);
dt = dt + ts;
}
else // do not roll over the day by upping the hour, go back to zero hours
{
TimeSpan ts(3600 * 23);
dt = dt - ts;
}
Serial.print("Changed Time: " + dt.hour());
Serial.println();
rtc.adjust(dt);
}
void increaseMinute()
{
DateTime dt = rtc.now();
if (dt.minute() < 59)
{
TimeSpan ts(60);
dt = dt + ts;
}
else // Don't roll over the minutes into the hours
{
TimeSpan ts(60 * 59);
dt = dt - ts;
}
rtc.adjust(dt);
}
void SwitchToClockState()
{
displayState = CLOCK;
RGB_color(255, 0, 0);
}
void SwitchToAlarmState()
{
displayState = ALARM;
RGB_color(255, 125, 0);
}
void SwitchToDateState()
{
displayState = DATE;
RGB_color(0, 255, 0);
}
void SwitchToYearState()
{
displayState = YEAR;
RGB_color(0, 0, 255);
}
void SwitchToNextDisplayState()
{
switch (displayState) {
case CLOCK:
SwitchToAlarmState();
Serial.print("Switching to Alarm State...");
Serial.println();
lcd.clear();
break;
case ALARM:
SwitchToDateState();
Serial.print("Switching to Date State...");
Serial.println();
lcd.clear();
break;
case DATE:
SwitchToYearState();
Serial.print("Switching to Year State...");
Serial.println();
lcd.clear();
break;
case YEAR:
SwitchToClockState();
Serial.print("Switching to Clock State...");
Serial.println();      
lcd.clear();
break;
default:
// assert() 
digitalWrite(redPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(greenPin, LOW);
digitalWrite(bluePin, LOW);
break;
}
}
String WithLeadingZeros(int number)
{
if (number < 10)
{
return "0" + String(number);
}
else
{
return String(number);
}
}

void loop() {
DateTime now = rtc.now();
int yearInt   = now.year();
int monthInt  = now.month();
int dayInt    = now.day();
int hourInt   = now.hour();
int minuteInt = now.minute();
int secondInt = now.second();
switch (displayState) {
case CLOCK:
lcd.print("Robot Slave");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Time> " + WithLeadingZeros(now.hour()) + ":" + WithLeadingZeros(now.minute()) + ":" + WithLeadingZeros(now.second()));
break;
case ALARM:
lcd.print("Robot Slave");
case DATE:
lcd.print("Robot Slave");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Date> " + WithLeadingZeros(now.month()) + " - " + WithLeadingZeros(now.day()));
break;
//case YEAR:
lcd.print("Robot Slave");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Year> " + String(now.year()));
break;
}
}

Answer 1

如果您在 ISR 中执行命令，同时已经在正常程序中执行指令，那么您正在为 LCD 创建无意义的指令。

假设写入字母 A 的串行命令是"WRITEA"，清除显示的命令是"CLEAR"。

现在，当您将字母A发送到显示器时，您按下按钮，您的显示器将收到类似"WRCLEARTEB"的内容，它无法理解。或者它可能收到"WRITECLEARA"，它会写 C 而不是 A。

请注意，这只是为了让您了解正在发生的事情。当然，发送到显示器的数据是不同的。

但是你通过交错命令制造了一团糟。

循环更新显示，并仅使用 ISR 更新变量，然后在下一帧中使用。秒精度的时钟通常每秒更新一次。