差异 Yap 和 SWI-Prolog 阅读规范列表



我有以下测试代码试图将文件读入列表

open('raw250-split1.pl', read, Stream),
read(Stream,train_xs(TrainXs)),
length(TrainXs, MaxTrain).

由于文件很大,我将省略部分输出。

它适用于yap

➜  chill git:(master) ✗ yap                                                      [18/06/19| 5:48PM]
% Restoring file /usr/lib/Yap/startup.yss
YAP 6.2.2 (x86_64-linux): Sat Sep 17 13:59:03 UTC 2016
?- open('raw250-split1.pl', read, Stream),                                                           
read(Stream, train_xs(TrainXs)),                                                                     
length(TrainXs, MaxTrain).
MaxTrain = 225,
Stream = '$stream'(3),
TrainXs = [[parse([which,rivers,run,through,states,bordering,new,mexico,/],answer(_A,(river(_A),traverse(_A,_B),next_to(_B,_C),const(_C,stateid('new mexico')))))],
<omited output>
,[parse([what,is,the,largest,state,capital,in,population,?],answer(_ST,largest(_SU,(capital(_ST),population(_ST,_SU)))))]]

但在swi-prolog,它将产生Type error

➜  chill git:(master) ✗ swipl                                                     [18/06/19| 7:24PM]
Welcome to SWI-Prolog (threaded, 64 bits, version 7.6.4)
SWI-Prolog comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software.
Please run ?- license. for legal details.
For online help and background, visit http://www.swi-prolog.org
For built-in help, use ?- help(Topic). or ?- apropos(Word).
?- open('raw250-split1.pl', read, Stream),    
read(Stream, train_xs(TrainXs)),                                                                     
length(TrainXs, MaxTrain).
ERROR: raw250-split1.pl:4:
Type error: `list' expected, found `parse(which.(rivers.(run.(through.(states.(bordering.(new.(mexico.((/).[])))))))),
<omited output>
,answer(_67604,(state(_67604),next_to(_67604,_67628),const(_67628,stateid(kentucky))))).[].(parse(what.((is).(the.(largest.(state.(capital.(in.(population.((?).[])))))))),answer(_67714,largest(_67720,(capital(_67714),population(_67714,_67720))))).[].[]))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))' (a compound)
In:
[10] throw(error(type_error(list,...),context(...,_67800)))
[7] <user>
Note: some frames are missing due to last-call optimization.
Re-run your program in debug mode (:- debug.) to get more detail.

这里的错误可能有什么问题?

如果您想尝试一下,可以从下面的ftpURL 中找到文件raw250-split1.pl

谢谢你的帮助!


我正在尝试将较早的代码迁移到SWI-Prolog,它是用SICStus 3 #3: Thu Sep 12 09:54:27 CDT 1996或更早 作者:Raymond J. Mooney ftp://ftp.cs.utexas.edu/pub/mooney/chill/。 带有此标签的所有问题都与此任务相关。我是prolog的新手,欢迎帮助和建议!

raw250-split1.pl显然是使用规范符号编写的。传统的列表函子是./2,但SWI-Prolog 7.x将其更改为'[|]'/2,以便将./2用于其他目的。这会导致变量TrainXs通过对参数不是列表的复合项的read/2调用来实例化:

?- open('raw250-split1.pl', read, Stream), read(Stream,train_xs(TrainXs)).
Stream = <stream>(0x7f8975e08e90),
TrainXs = parse(which.(rivers.(run.(through.(states.(bordering.(... . ...)))))), answer(_94,  (river(_94), traverse(_94, _100), next_to(_100, _106), const(_106, stateid('new mexico'))))).[].(parse(what.((is).(the.(highest.(point.(... . ...))))), answer(_206,  (high_point(_204, _206), const(_204, stateid(montana))))).[].(parse(what.((is).(the.(most.(... . ...)))), answer(_298, largest(_300,  (population(_298, _300), state(...), ..., ...)))).[].(parse(through.(which.(states.(... . ...))), answer(_414,  (state(_414), const(..., ...), traverse(..., ...)))).[].(parse(what.((is).(... . ...)), answer(_500, longest(_500, river(...)))).[].(parse(how.(... . ...), answer(_566,  (..., ...))).[].(parse(... . ..., answer(..., ...)).[].(parse(..., ...).[].(... . ... .(... . ...))))))))).

YAP 仍然对列表使用./2函子,这解释了为什么它可以处理它。SWI-Prolog 的解决方法是使用--traditional命令行选项启动它:

$ swipl --traditional
...
?- open('raw250-split1.pl', read, Stream), read(Stream,train_xs(TrainXs)).
Stream = <stream>(0x7faeb2f77700),
TrainXs = [[parse([which, rivers, run, through, states, bordering|...], answer(_94,  (river(_94), traverse(_94, _100), next_to(_100, _106), const(_106, stateid('new mexico')))))], [parse([what, is, the, highest, point|...], answer(_206,  (high_point(_204, _206), const(_204, stateid(montana)))))], [parse([what, is, the, most|...], answer(_298, largest(_300,  (population(_298, _300), state(...), ..., ...))))], [parse([through, which, states|...], answer(_414,  (state(_414), const(..., ...), traverse(..., ...))))], [parse([what, is|...], answer(_500, longest(_500, river(...))))], [parse([how|...], answer(_566,  (..., ...)))], [parse([...|...], answer(..., ...))], [parse(..., ...)], [...]|...].

您得到的类型错误是由于绑定第一个参数时length/2期望列表。

该文件中最后一个字符有一个波浪号,导致语法无效,因此您应该在阅读之前将其删除。我不知道为什么 YAP 接受该文件为有效,应该引发错误 AFAIK。

SWI-Prolog中有一个读取选项dotlists/2:

dotlists(Bool(
如果为 true(默认为 false(,则读取 .(a,[]( 作为 列表,即使列表不是内部构造的 使用点作为函子。这主要是为了 从 write_canonical/1 读取输出 其他Prolog系统。请参阅第 5.1 节。 http://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?predicate=read_term/2

这将为您提供所需的结果,而无需更改模式:

Welcome to SWI-Prolog (threaded, 64 bits, version 8.1.0)
?- read_term(X, [dotlists(true)]).
|: .(a,.(b,.(c,[]))).
X = [a, b, c].

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