工厂女孩：：无效工厂错误：验证失败： <Class> 必须存在(活动记录：：记录无效)

Question

我有这两个模型

class User < ApplicationRecord
devise :database_authenticatable, :registerable,
:recoverable, :rememberable, :trackable, :validatable
has_many :posts
end
class Post < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :user
end

这些是我的工厂

FactoryGirl.define do
factory :user do
id 1
first_name 'John'
last_name 'Doe'
sequence(:email) { |n| "tester#{n}@example.com" }
password 'secretpassword'
end
end
FactoryGirl.define do
factory :post do
user_id 1
title 'This is a title'
body 'This is a body'
published_at Time.now
end
end

当我运行以下测试时，出现以下错误：

RSpec.describe User, type: :model do
let(:user) { build(:user) }
it { expect(user).to have_many(:posts) }
end
RSpec.describe Post, type: :model do
let(:post) { build(:post) }
it { expect(post).to belong_to(:user) }
end
# Error I get:
FactoryGirl::InvalidFactoryError:
The following factories are invalid:
* post - Validation failed: User must exist (ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid)

我该如何解决这个问题？

这也是我的数据库模式

create_table "posts", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8" do |t|
t.integer  "user_id"
t.string   "title"
t.text     "body",         limit: 65535
t.datetime "published_at"
t.datetime "created_at",                 null: false
t.datetime "updated_at",                 null: false
t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_posts_on_user_id", using: :btree
end
create_table "users", force: :cascade, options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8" do |t|
# Whatever devise generates
end

Answer 1

我最终找到了解决方案。缺少钥匙的是association :user

FactoryGirl.define do
factory :post do
title 'This is a title'
body 'This is a body'
published_at Time.now
association :user
end
end

Answer 2

尝试以下操作：

belongs_to :user, optional: true

4.1.2.11 ：可选

如果将 ：optional 选项设置为 true，则存在 不会验证关联的对象。默认情况下，此选项已设置 到假。

您可以参考文档以获取更多信息。