以编程方式生成 Apache Spark 中数据帧的架构和数据



我想动态生成一个包含报表标头记录的数据帧,因此从以下字符串的值创建一个数据帧:

val headerDescs : String = "Name,Age,Location"
val headerSchema = StructType(headerDescs.split(",").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))

但是现在我想对数据做同样的事情(实际上是相同的数据,即元数据)。

我创建了一个RDD:

val headerRDD = sc.parallelize(headerDescs.split(","))

然后我打算使用 createDataFrame 来创建它:

val headerDf = sqlContext.createDataFrame(headerRDD, headerSchema)

但是这失败了,因为createDataframe期待RDD[Row],但是我的RDD是一个字符串数组-我找不到将RDD转换为行RDD然后动态映射字段的方法。我看到的示例假设您事先知道列数,但是我希望最终能够在不更改代码的情况下更改列 - 例如,将列放在文件中。

基于第一个答案的代码摘录:

val headerDescs : String = "Name,Age,Location"
// create the schema from a string, splitting by delimiter
val headerSchema = StructType(headerDescs.split(",").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))
// create a row from a string, splitting by delimiter
val headerRDDRows = sc.parallelize(headerDescs.split(",")).map( a => Row(a))
val headerDf = sqlContext.createDataFrame(headerRDDRows, headerSchema)
headerDf.show()

执行此操作的结果是:

+--------+---+--------+
|    Name|Age|Location|
+--------+---+--------+
|    Name|
|     Age|
|Location|
+--------+---+-------

要将RDD[Array[String]]转换为RDD[Row],您需要执行以下步骤:

import org.apache.spark.sql.Row

val headerRDD = sc.parallelize(Seq(headerDescs.split(","))).map(x=>Row(x(0),x(1),x(2)))
scala> val headerSchema = StructType(headerDescs.split(",").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))
headerSchema: org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType = StructType(StructField(Name,StringType,true), StructField(Age,StringType,true), StructField(Location,StringType,true))
scala> val headerRDD = sc.parallelize(Seq(headerDescs.split(","))).map(x=>Row(x(0),x(1),x(2)))
headerRDD: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = MapPartitionsRDD[6] at map at <console>:34
scala> val headerDf = sqlContext.createDataFrame(headerRDD, headerSchema)
headerDf: org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame = [Name: string, Age: string, Location: string]

scala> headerDf.printSchema
root
 |-- Name: string (nullable = true)
 |-- Age: string (nullable = true)
 |-- Location: string (nullable = true)

scala> headerDf.show
+----+---+--------+
|Name|Age|Location|
+----+---+--------+
|Name|Age|Location|
+----+---+--------+

这会给你一个RDD[Row]

用于通读文件

val vRDD = sc.textFile("..**filepath**.").map(_.split(",")).map(a => Row.fromSeq(a))
 
val headerDf = sqlContext.createDataFrame(vRDD , headerSchema)

使用 Spark-CSV 包:

 val df = sqlContext.read
    .format("com.databricks.spark.csv")
    .option("header", "true") // Use first line of all files as header
    .schema(headerSchema) // defining based on the custom schema
    .load("cars.csv")

val df = sqlContext.read
    .format("com.databricks.spark.csv")
    .option("header", "true") // Use first line of all files as header
    .option("inferSchema", "true") // Automatically infer data types
    .load("cars.csv")

您还可以在其文档中探索各种选项。

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