我正在用Django制作一个网站(显然)，当我创建用户时，我遇到了问题。我想将我的用户与称为类的模型相关联，并且该类包含多个用户。我假设我需要使用models.OneToOneField()将一个类与多个用户相关联。但是，例如，当我在终端中创建超级用户时，当我输入最后一点所需信息并按回车键时，我会立即得到IntegrityError。基本上，我只希望一个名为Class的模型有多个用户与之关联，并且每个类都有不同的Keys/身份验证(如models.py所示)在我的网站上做不同的事情。
完整回溯(尝试创建超级用户后)：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 383, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
sqlite3.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: users_user.parent_class_id
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 17, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagement__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthmanagementcommandscreatesuperuser.py", line 61, in execute
return super().execute(*args, **options)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocoremanagementbase.py", line 364, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthmanagementcommandscreatesuperuser.py", line 156, in handle
self.UserModel._default_manager.db_manager(database).create_superuser(**user_data)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjausersmodels.py", line 37, in create_superuser
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjausersmodels.py", line 18, in _create_user
user.save(using=self._db)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangocontribauthbase_user.py", line 66, in save
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 741, in save
force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 779, in save_base
force_update, using, update_fields,
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 870, in _save_table
result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsbase.py", line 908, in _do_insert
using=using, raw=raw)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsmanager.py", line 82, in manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelsquery.py", line 1186, in _insert
return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbmodelssqlcompiler.py", line 1335, in execute_sql
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 99, in execute
return super().execute(sql, params)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 67, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbutils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendsutils.py", line 84, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "C:Userslll20DocumentsPYJApyjap_envlibsite-packagesdjangodbbackendssqlite3base.py", line 383, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params)
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: users_user.parent_class_id
《守则》
project/users/models.py：
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser, BaseUserManager
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
"""Define a model manager for User model with no username field."""
use_in_migrations = True
def _create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
"""Create and save a User with the given email and password."""
if not email:
raise ValueError('The given email must be set')
email = self.normalize_email(email)
user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)
user.set_password(password)
user.save(using=self._db)
return user
def create_user(self, email, password=None, **extra_fields):
"""Create and save a regular User with the given email and password."""
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', False)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', False)
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
"""Create and save a SuperUser with the given email and password."""
extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)
class Keys(models.Model):
"""A Model to represent any kind of auth key."""
key = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=False, default="")
kind_of_authorisation = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "Keys"
class Class(models.Model):
"""A model to represent all kinds of classes."""
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="", unique=True)
class_id = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=False, default="", unique=True)
authorisations = models.ForeignKey(Keys, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=False)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "Classes"
class User(AbstractUser):
"""User model."""
username = models.CharField(max_length=75, unique=True)
email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False, default="")
# It's this field that I don't know about.
parent_class = models.ForeignKey(Class, on_delete=models.CASCADE,
null=True)
USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username', 'first_name', 'last_name']
objects = UserManager()
project/users/admin.py：
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin as DjangoUserAdmin
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from .models import User, Class, Keys
@admin.register(User)
class UserAdmin(DjangoUserAdmin):
"""Define admin model for custom User model with no email field."""
fieldsets = (
(None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),
(_('Personal info'), {'fields': ('first_name', 'last_name')}),
(_('Permissions'), {'fields': ('is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser',
'groups', 'user_permissions')}),
(_('Important dates'), {'fields': ('last_login', 'date_joined')}),
)
add_fieldsets = (
(None, {
'classes': ('wide',),
'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2'),
}),
)
list_display = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name', 'is_staff')
search_fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')
ordering = ('email',)
admin.site.register(Class)
admin.site.register(Keys)
project/users/forms.py：
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm
from .models import User, Class, Keys
from explore_database import functions as func
class CreateUserForm(UserCreationForm):
# Require the email field.
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ("email", "username", "password1",
"password2")
def save(self, commit=True):
user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False)
# Get all the relevant data, and save it.
user.email = self.cleaned_data["email"]
user.username = self.cleaned_data["username"]
# Save the newly created user.
if commit:
user.save()
return user
class EditProfileForm(UserChangeForm):
password = None
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ("email", "username")
class CreateClass(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Class
fields = ("name", "class_id", "authorisations")
class CreateKey(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Keys
fields = ("key", "kind_of_authorisation")
任何帮助都非常感谢。谢谢！
更新： 好的，我到了我有一个超级用户的地步。我设置了null=True，并能够成功创建超级用户。但是，现在我看不到我应该在哪里为我的超级用户设置管理员中的类。我可以将类实例与超级用户相关联的唯一方法是进入python manage.py shell，然后手动将我在 admin 中创建的类实例添加到超级用户。
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: NOT NULL constraint failed: users_user.parent_class_id
您已将一个或多个用户对象保存到数据库中。通过添加此 OneToOneField，这些现有记录的值将为 Null，这意味着它们当前不指向parent_class对象。
您有两种选择：
第一：编辑你的 Django 模型，使 Null 是一个可接受的值。
parent_class = models.OneToOneField(Class, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
第二：创建一个新的迁移，你为 Django 提供此字段的默认值(例如 None)。