我正在尝试通过下载zip文件来安装可执行命令(terraform
),然后使用Makefile
将其解压缩到~/bin
目录中。
仅当terraform
文件尚不存在时,我才想这样做。
根据 GNU Make 文档,我认为我应该使用带有管道|
(https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html#Prerequisite-Types) 的"仅订单先决条件",尽管我不完全理解该文档。
我编写了以下目标规则,目的是make install-tf
运行它,当文件已经存在时~/bin/terraform
,然后什么都不做并返回。但是,这并没有按预期工作,无论文件已经存在,我都不断看到该目标规则的正文正在执行。
- 以下目标有什么问题? 如何仅当
- 该命令尚未使用
Makefile
时才安装terraform
?
这是目标:
TERRAFORM_VERSION=0.11.11
install-tf: | ~/bin/terraform
echo "Installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
mkdir -p ~/tmp/
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -P ~/tmp/
mkdir -p ~/bin/
unzip ~/tmp/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -d ~/bin/
echo "Done installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
PATH=~/bin/:$$PATH terraform --version
以下目标有什么问题?
目标是 install-tf
. make install-tf
将始终运行配方来制作这个目标(如果不存在install-tf
这样的文件)。配方永远不会创建该文件。因此,配方将始终运行。
您需要一个配方才能使文件$(HOME)/bin/terraform
当且仅当不存在。对于第一个近似值,这将做到这一点:
制作文件 (1)
TERRAFORM_VERSION=0.11.11
$(HOME)/bin/terraform:
echo "Installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
mkdir -p $(HOME)/tmp/
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -P $(HOME)/tmp/
mkdir -p $(HOME)/bin/
unzip ~/tmp/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -d $(HOME)/bin/
echo "Done installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
PATH=$(HOME)/bin/:$$PATH terraform --version
第一次运行,如下所示:
$ make
echo "Installing terraform version 0.11.11"
Installing terraform version 0.11.11
mkdir -p /home/imk/tmp/
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.11.11/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip -P /home/imk/tmp/
--2019-01-29 11:09:11-- https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.11.11/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip
Resolving releases.hashicorp.com (releases.hashicorp.com)... 151.101.17.183, 2a04:4e42:4::439
Connecting to releases.hashicorp.com (releases.hashicorp.com)|151.101.17.183|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 20971661 (20M) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘/home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip’
terraform_0.11.11_l 100%[===================>] 20.00M 8.86MB/s in 2.3s
2019-01-29 11:09:14 (8.86 MB/s) - ‘/home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip’ saved [20971661/20971661]
mkdir -p /home/imk/bin/
unzip ~/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip -d /home/imk/bin/
Archive: /home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip
inflating: /home/imk/bin/terraform
echo "Done installing terraform version 0.11.11"
Done installing terraform version 0.11.11
PATH=/home/imk/bin/:$PATH terraform --version
Terraform v0.11.11
第二次喜欢:
$ make
make: '/home/imk/bin/terraform' is up to date.
并稍作改进:
制作文件 (2)
TERRAFORM_VERSION := 0.11.11
.PHONY: all clean
all: $(HOME)/bin/terraform
$(HOME)/bin/terraform: | $(HOME)/tmp/ $(HOME)/bin/
echo "Installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -P $(HOME)/tmp/
unzip ~/tmp/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip -d $(HOME)/bin/
echo "Done installing terraform version ${TERRAFORM_VERSION}"
PATH=$(HOME)/bin/:$$PATH terraform --version
$(HOME)/tmp/ $(HOME)/bin/:
mkdir -p $@
clean:
$(RM) $(HOME)/bin/terraform
运行如下:
$ make clean
rm -f /home/imk/bin/terraform
$ make
echo "Installing terraform version 0.11.11"
Installing terraform version 0.11.11
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.11.11/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip -P /home/imk/tmp/
--2019-01-29 11:38:32-- https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/0.11.11/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip
Resolving releases.hashicorp.com (releases.hashicorp.com)... 151.101.17.183, 2a04:4e42:4::439
Connecting to releases.hashicorp.com (releases.hashicorp.com)|151.101.17.183|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 20971661 (20M) [application/zip]
Saving to: ‘/home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip.1’
terraform_0.11.11_l 100%[===================>] 20.00M 8.88MB/s in 2.3s
2019-01-29 11:38:34 (8.88 MB/s) - ‘/home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip.1’ saved [20971661/20971661]
unzip ~/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip -d /home/imk/bin/
Archive: /home/imk/tmp/terraform_0.11.11_linux_amd64.zip
inflating: /home/imk/bin/terraform
echo "Done installing terraform version 0.11.11"
Done installing terraform version 0.11.11
PATH=/home/imk/bin/:$PATH terraform --version
Terraform v0.11.11
$ make
make: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
请注意在以下情况下使用仅订单先决条件:
$(HOME)/bin/terraform: | $(HOME)/tmp/ $(HOME)/bin/
也就是说:在考虑目标$(HOME)/bin/terraform
是否过时之前,请先$(HOME)/tmp/
并$(HOME)/bin
。然后考虑$(HOME)/bin/terraform
是否过期,但不$(HOME)/tmp/
或$(HOME)/bin
作为先决条件。
参见 4.6 虚假目标