IPv6地址与CIDR子网匹配

是否有一种很好的方法来匹配IPv6地址到使用CIDR符号的IPv6子网?我正在寻找的是IPv6相当于这个:在php5中匹配IP到CIDR掩码?

上面给出的例子不能使用，因为IPv6地址是128位长，阻止按位左移正常工作。你能想到别的办法吗?

编辑:在答案列表中添加了我自己的解决方案。

因为你不能将IPv6地址转换为整数，你应该像这样操作位:

$ip='21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AC:00FF:FE28:9C5A';
$cidrnet='21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B::/64';
// converts inet_pton output to string with bits
function inet_to_bits($inet) 
{
   $splitted = str_split($inet);
   $binaryip = '';
   foreach ($splitted as $char) {
             $binaryip .= str_pad(decbin(ord($char)), 8, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
   }
   return $binaryip;
}    
$ip = inet_pton($ip);
$binaryip=inet_to_bits($ip);
list($net,$maskbits)=explode('/',$cidrnet);
$net=inet_pton($net);
$binarynet=inet_to_bits($net);
$ip_net_bits=substr($binaryip,0,$maskbits);
$net_bits   =substr($binarynet,0,$maskbits);
if($ip_net_bits!==$net_bits) echo 'Not in subnet';
else echo 'In subnet';

同样，如果你使用一些数据库来存储ip，它可能已经有了所有的函数来比较它们。例如，Postgres有一个inet类型，可以确定IP是否包含在子网中，如下所示:

SELECT 
   '21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B:02AC:00FF:FE28:9C5A'::inet << 
   '21DA:00D3:0000:2F3B::/64'::inet;

9.11。PostgreSQL中的网络地址函数和操作符

您也可以使用symfony/http-foundation包中的IpUtils类:

IpUtils::checkIp6('2a01:8760:2:3001::1', '2a01:8760:2:3001::1/64')

这将检查IPv6的有效性和范围匹配。如果不是这样，将返回false

PHP可以对字符串执行位操作!

IPv4或IPv6
无基本转换
无ASCII位字符串

<?php
/**
 * Does the given IP match the CIDR prefix?
 */
function matchIp(string $ip, string $cidr): bool
{
  // Get mask bits
  list($net, $maskBits) = explode('/', $cidr);
  // Size
  $size = (strpos($ip, ':') === false) ? 4 : 16;
  // Convert to binary
  $ip = inet_pton($ip);
  $net = inet_pton($net);
  if (!$ip || !$net) {
    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid IP address');
  }
  // Build mask
  $solid = floor($maskBits / 8);
  $solidBits = $solid * 8;
  $mask = str_repeat(chr(255), $solid);
  for ($i = $solidBits; $i < $maskBits; $i += 8) {
    $bits = max(0, min(8, $maskBits - $i));
    $mask .= chr((pow(2, $bits) - 1) << (8 - $bits));
  }
  $mask = str_pad($mask, $size, chr(0));
  // Compare the mask
  return ($ip & $mask) === ($net & $mask);
}

我创建了自己的解决方案，使用以下代码:

function iPv6MaskToByteArray($subnetMask) {
  $addr = str_repeat("f", $subnetMask / 4);
  switch ($subnetMask % 4) {
    case 0:
      break;
    case 1:
      $addr .= "8";
      break;
    case 2:
      $addr .= "c";
      break;
    case 3:
      $addr .= "e";
      break;
  }
  $addr = str_pad($addr, 32, '0');
  $addr = pack("H*" , $addr);
  return $addr;
}
function iPv6CidrMatch($address, $subnetAddress, $subnetMask) {
  $binMask = iPv6MaskToByteArray($subnetMask);
  return ($address & $binMask) == $subnetAddress;
}

注意$address和$subnetAddress是通过inet_pton运行字符串address获得的。按如下方式调用函数:

$subnet = inet_pton("2001:06b8::");
$mask = 32;
$addr = inet_pton("2001:06b8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:07ab");
$match = iPv6CidrMatch($addr, $subnet, $mask); // TRUE

下面是一个例子，通过检查IP地址与单个IP或cidr的列表，包括IPv4和IPv6:

https://gist.github.com/lyquix-owner/2620da22d927c99d57555530aab3279b

<?php
// IP to check
$ip_check = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
// Array of allowed IPs and subnets, both IPv4 and IPv6
$ips_allowed = array(
    '192.30.252.0/22',
    '2620:112:3000::/44',
    '192.168.16.104'
);
// Flag for IP match allowed list
$allow = false;
foreach($ips_allowed as $ip_allow) {
    // If IP has / means CIDR notation
    if(strpos($ip_allow, '/') === false) {
        // Check Single IP
        if(inet_pton($ip_check) == inet_pton($ip_allow)) {
            $allow = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    else {
        // Check IP range
        list($subnet, $bits) = explode('/', $ip_allow);
        
        // Convert subnet to binary string of $bits length
        $subnet = unpack('H*', inet_pton($subnet)); // Subnet in Hex
        foreach($subnet as $i => $h) $subnet[$i] = base_convert($h, 16, 2); // Array of Binary
        $subnet = substr(implode('', $subnet), 0, $bits); // Subnet in Binary, only network bits
        
        // Convert remote IP to binary string of $bits length
        $ip = unpack('H*', inet_pton($ip_check)); // IP in Hex
        foreach($ip as $i => $h) $ip[$i] = base_convert($h, 16, 2); // Array of Binary
        $ip = substr(implode('', $ip), 0, $bits); // IP in Binary, only network bits
        
        // Check network bits match
        if($subnet == $ip) {
            $allow = true;
            break;
        }
    }
}
if(!$allow) {
    die('IP not allowed');
}

如果你的掩码总是能被4整除(这在ipv6中很常见)。你可以使用:

function checkIPv6WithinRange($ipv6, $range) {
    list ($net, $mask) = preg_split("///", $range);
    if ($mask % 4)
        throw new NotImplementedException("Only masks divisible by 4 are supported");
    $stripChars = (128-$mask)/4;
    $hexNet = bin2hex(inet_pton($net));
    $reducedNet = substr($hexNet, 0, 0 - $stripChars);
    $hexIp = bin2hex(inet_pton($ipv6));
    $reducedIp = substr($hexIp, 0, 0 - $stripChars);
    return $reducedIp === $reducedNet;
}

基本上是http://www.phpclasses.org/browse/file/70429.html

要使用它，只需调用

$cidr = new CIDR();
$cidr->match($ipv6, $ipv6_in_cidr);

Result is 'Good'.

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