我试图得到一个简单的(?)测试项目与Ant, Ivy和JUnit一起工作。基本思路是Ivy将下载junit.jar，然后Ant将使用它。
请注意， junit jar位于类路径上，否则(在junit任务中没有classpath元素)我看到"
然而，当我尝试ant test在以下我看到:
test:
BUILD FAILED
/home/andrew/project/guice/hg/build.xml:33: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: junit/framework/TestListener
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:791)
...
at org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:280)
at org.apache.tools.ant.launch.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:109)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: junit.framework.TestListener
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
...
所以我猜我的build.xml有问题?怎么啦？
build.xml:
<project xmlns:ivy="antlib:org.apache.ivy.ant"
name="java-example" default="dist" basedir=".">
<description>
simple example build file
</description>
<property name="src" location="src"/>
<property name="build" location="build"/>
<property name="dist" location="dist"/>
<property name="lib" location="lib"/>
<path id="lib.path">
<fileset dir="${lib}"/>
</path>
<target name="init">
<tstamp/>
<mkdir dir="${build}"/>
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="init,resolve"
description="compile the source">
<javac srcdir="${src}" destdir="${build}" classpathref="lib.path"
includeantruntime="false">
<compilerarg value="-Xlint"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="test" depends="compile"
description="run the tests">
<junit>
<classpath refid="lib.path"/>
<batchtest>
<fileset dir="${build}">
<include name="**/*Test.class"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
</target>
<target name="dist" depends="compile"
description="generate the distribution">
<mkdir dir="${dist}/lib"/>
<jar jarfile="${dist}/lib/example-${DSTAMP}.jar" basedir="${build}"/>
</target>
<target name="clean"
description="clean up">
<delete dir="${build}"/>
<delete dir="${dist}"/>
</target>
<target name="resolve"
description="download required dependencies">
<ivy:retrieve/>
</target>
</project>
和编译后的现有目录结构:
.
├── build
│ └── com
│ └── isti
│ └── example
│ ├── AppendToList.class
│ ├── DumpToStdout.class
│ ├── LimitedCounter.class
│ ├── MessageSink.class
│ ├── MessageSource.class
│ └── SinkToSourceTest.class
├── build.xml
├── dist
│ └── lib
│ └── example-20130412.jar
├── ivy.xml
├── lib
│ ├── junit-4.8.2.jar
│ ├── junit-4.8.2-javadoc.jar
│ └── junit-4.8.2-sources.jar
├── README.md
└── src
├── main
│ └── java
│ └── com
│ └── isti
│ └── example
│ ├── AppendToList.java
│ ├── DumpToStdout.java
│ ├── LimitedCounter.java
│ ├── MessageSink.java
│ └── MessageSource.java
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── isti
└── example
└── SinkToSourceTest.java
Update顺便说一下，ant -lib lib test(显式给出lib目录)工作。在随机的网络搜索结果中有很多关于处理这个问题的令人困惑的描述——但我的印象是，上面的方法与最新的文档是一致的(我使用的是ant 1.9)——参见第5点。所以我认为这可能是一个bug;bug。
示例
项目包含以下文件:
├── build.xml
├── ivy.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── org
│ │ └── demo
│ │ └── App.java
│ └── resources
│ └── log4j.properties
└── test
└── java
└── org
└── demo
└── AppTest.java
构建运行如下:
$ ant
Buildfile: /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build.xml
resolve:
[ivy:resolve] :: Apache Ivy 2.3.0 - 20130110142753 :: http://ant.apache.org/ivy/ ::
[ivy:resolve] :: loading settings :: url = jar:file:/home/mark/.ant/lib/ivy.jar!/org/apache/ivy/core/settings/ivysettings.xml
[ivy:resolve] :: resolving dependencies :: com.myspotontheweb#demo;working@mark-Lemur-Ultra
[ivy:resolve] confs: [compile, runtime, test]
[ivy:resolve] found org.slf4j#slf4j-api;1.7.5 in public
[ivy:resolve] found org.slf4j#slf4j-log4j12;1.7.5 in public
[ivy:resolve] found log4j#log4j;1.2.17 in public
[ivy:resolve] found junit#junit;4.11 in public
[ivy:resolve] found org.hamcrest#hamcrest-core;1.3 in public
[ivy:resolve] :: resolution report :: resolve 347ms :: artifacts dl 14ms
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| | modules || artifacts |
| conf | number| search|dwnlded|evicted|| number|dwnlded|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| compile | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 1 | 0 |
| runtime | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 3 | 0 |
| test | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 || 5 | 0 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
[ivy:report] Processing /home/mark/.ivy2/cache/com.myspotontheweb-demo-compile.xml to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/ivy-reports/com.myspotontheweb-demo-compile.html
[ivy:report] Processing /home/mark/.ivy2/cache/com.myspotontheweb-demo-runtime.xml to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/ivy-reports/com.myspotontheweb-demo-runtime.html
[ivy:report] Processing /home/mark/.ivy2/cache/com.myspotontheweb-demo-test.xml to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/ivy-reports/com.myspotontheweb-demo-test.html
resources:
[copy] Copying 1 file to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/classes
compile:
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/classes
compile-tests:
[mkdir] Created dir: /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/test-classes
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/test-classes
test:
[mkdir] Created dir: /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/test-reports
[junit] Running org.demo.AppTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.085 sec
build:
[ivy:retrieve] :: retrieving :: com.myspotontheweb#demo
[ivy:retrieve] confs: [runtime]
[ivy:retrieve] 3 artifacts copied, 0 already retrieved (512kB/16ms)
[jar] Building jar: /home/mark/Files/Dev/ivy/demo/build/dist/demo.jar
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 4 seconds
中
ivy的一个非常强大的特性是配置。它们允许您将依赖项分组在一起。
<ivy-module version="2.0">
<info organisation="com.myspotontheweb" module="demo"/>
<configurations>
<conf name="compile" description="Required to compile application"/>
<conf name="runtime" description="Additional run-time dependencies" extends="compile"/>
<conf name="test" description="Required for test only" extends="runtime"/>
</configurations>
<dependencies>
<!-- compile dependencies -->
<dependency org="org.slf4j" name="slf4j-api" rev="1.7.5" conf="compile->default"/>
<!-- runtime dependencies -->
<dependency org="org.slf4j" name="slf4j-log4j12" rev="1.7.5" conf="runtime->default"/>
<!-- test dependencies -->
<dependency org="junit" name="junit" rev="4.11" conf="test->default"/>
</dependencies>
</ivy-module>
指出:
- 配置使用"extends"特性来模拟Maven的"编译"、"运行"one_answers"测试"Maven作用域。
- 注意每个依赖项上的特殊"conf"属性。这是从本地到远程的映射。有关ivy如何管理远程Maven模块的详细信息，请参见:Maven作用域如何通过ivy 映射到ivy配置
build . xml
像cachepath(创建ANT路径)和retrieve(将文件复制到构建中)这样的任务可以利用Ivy配置。我还建议使用报告目标，这样您就可以看到每个配置中出现了哪些jar(对于管理可传递的依赖关系很有用)<project name="demo" default="build" xmlns:ivy="antlib:org.apache.ivy.ant">
<!--
================
Build properties
================
-->
<property name="src.dir" location="src/main/java"/>
<property name="resources.dir" location="src/main/resources"/>
<property name="test.src.dir" location="src/test/java"/>
<property name="build.dir" location="build"/>
<property name="classes.dir" location="${build.dir}/classes"/>
<property name="test.classes.dir" location="${build.dir}/test-classes"/>
<property name="ivy.reports.dir" location="${build.dir}/ivy-reports"/>
<property name="test.reports.dir" location="${build.dir}/test-reports"/>
<property name="dist.dir" location="${build.dir}/dist"/>
<property name="jar.main.class" value="org.demo.App"/>
<property name="jar.file" value="${dist.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar"/>
<available classname="org.apache.ivy.Main" property="ivy.installed"/>
<!--
===========
Build setup
===========
-->
<target name="install-ivy" description="Install ivy" unless="ivy.installed">
<mkdir dir="${user.home}/.ant/lib"/>
<get dest="${user.home}/.ant/lib/ivy.jar" src="http://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=org/apache/ivy/ivy/2.3.0/ivy-2.3.0.jar"/>
<fail message="Ivy has been installed. Run the build again"/>
</target>
<target name="resolve" depends="install-ivy" description="Use ivy to resolve classpaths">
<ivy:resolve/>
<ivy:report todir='${ivy.reports.dir}' graph='false' xml='false'/>
<ivy:cachepath pathid="compile.path" conf="compile"/>
<ivy:cachepath pathid="test.path" conf="test"/>
</target>
<!--
===============
Compile targets
===============
-->
<target name="resources" description="Copy resources into classpath">
<copy todir="${classes.dir}">
<fileset dir="${resources.dir}"/>
</copy>
</target>
<target name="compile" depends="resolve,resources" description="Compile code">
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" includeantruntime="false" debug="true" classpathref="compile.path"/>
</target>
<target name="compile-tests" depends="compile" description="Compile tests">
<mkdir dir="${test.classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${test.src.dir}" destdir="${test.classes.dir}" includeantruntime="false" debug="true">
<classpath>
<path refid="test.path"/>
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
</classpath>
</javac>
</target>
<!--
============
Test targets
============
-->
<target name="test" depends="compile-tests" description="Run unit tests">
<mkdir dir="${test.reports.dir}"/>
<junit printsummary="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
<classpath>
<path refid="test.path"/>
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
<pathelement path="${test.classes.dir}"/>
</classpath>
<formatter type="xml"/>
<batchtest fork="yes" todir="${test.reports.dir}">
<fileset dir="${test.src.dir}">
<include name="**/*Test*.java"/>
<exclude name="**/AllTests.java"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
</target>
<!--
=====================
Build and run targets
=====================
-->
<target name="build" depends="test" description="Create executable jar archive">
<ivy:retrieve pattern="${dist.dir}/lib/[artifact]-[revision](-[classifier]).[ext]" conf="runtime"/>
<manifestclasspath property="jar.classpath" jarfile="${jar.file}">
<classpath>
<fileset dir="${dist.dir}/lib" includes="*.jar"/>
</classpath>
</manifestclasspath>
<jar destfile="${jar.file}" basedir="${classes.dir}">
<manifest>
<attribute name="Main-Class" value="${jar.main.class}" />
<attribute name="Class-Path" value="${jar.classpath}" />
</manifest>
</jar>
</target>
<target name="run" depends="build" description="Run code">
<java jar="${jar.file}" fork="true"/>
</target>
<!--
=============
Clean targets
=============
-->
<target name="clean" description="Cleanup build files">
<delete dir="${build.dir}"/>
</target>
<target name="clean-all" depends="clean" description="Additionally purge ivy cache">
<ivy:cleancache/>
</target>
</project>
注意:
- 有条件的"install-ivy"目标将自动安装ivy。只需重新运行构建，只需要做一次。
App.java
Hello world日志示例
package org.demo;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Hello world!
*
*/
public class App {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(App.class);
public static void main( String[] args ) {
App a = new App();
a.speak("hello world");
}
public void speak(String message) {
log.info(message);
}
}
AppTest.java
这是我档案里的一个老例子。不使用Junit断言
ackage org.demo;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
/**
* Unit test for simple App.
*/
public class AppTest
extends TestCase
{
/**
* Create the test case
*
* @param testName name of the test case
*/
public AppTest( String testName )
{
super( testName );
}
/**
* @return the suite of tests being tested
*/
public static Test suite()
{
return new TestSuite( AppTest.class );
}
/**
* Rigourous Test :-)
*/
public void testApp()
{
assertTrue( true );
}
}
log4j . properties的
# Set root logger level to DEBUG and its only appender to A1.
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, A1
# A1 is set to be a ConsoleAppender.
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
# A1 uses PatternLayout.
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n