什么是'index f2e4113..d4b9bfc 100644 git diff 输出中的意思是什么？到目前为止，我一直认为这些 SHA1 ID 是from_version的。to_version，但我在 gitk 中找不到它们。
$ git --version
git version 1.8.3.4
$ git diff ae1fdc1
diff --git a/README b/README
index f2e4113..d4b9bfc 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
stuff
+more
+more stuff
'索引 F2E4113..d4b9BFC 100644' 看起来不像是 diff 统一格式的一部分。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff#Unified_format
100644看起来像文件模式，但与自述文件 （660） 的模式不对应。
f2e4113..d4b9bfc 是 SHA1 ID 短裤。'git rev-parse ' 给出了长 SHA1。以下是上面示例中的所有三个短裤：
ae1fdc1 - ae1fdc1e7b2f018a15c421f2f22b7c77215c5d61
d4b9bfc - d4b9bfcd51a3eaf427d337a30b12d1f3dbdd21b4
f2e4113 - f2e41136eac73c39554dede1fd7e67b12502d577
但是为什么 ae1fdc1 不对应于差异的第一部分或第二部分？为什么我无法使用 gitk 找到 d4b9bfc 或 d4b9bfc？
编辑：@wiswit指出了这个很好的解释。
f2e4113和d4b9bfc是文件索引。使用 git show f2e4113，您可以在提交之前看到文件，git show d4b9bfc在提交后显示文件。
组合的差异格式在描述的 git diff 手册页中。
COMBINED DIFF FORMAT
Any diff-generating command can take the ‘-c` or --cc option to produce a
combined diff when showing a merge. This is the default format when showing
merges with git-diff(1) or git-show(1). Note also that you can give the `-m’
option to any of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual
parents of a merge.
A combined diff format looks like this:
diff --combined describe.c
index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
--- a/describe.c
+++ b/describe.c
@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
}
- static void describe(char *arg)
-static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
{
+ unsigned char sha1[20];
+ struct commit *cmit;
struct commit_list *list;
static int initialized = 0;
struct commit_name *n;
+ if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
+ usage(describe_usage);
+ cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+ if (!cmit)
+ usage(describe_usage);
+
if (!initialized) {
initialized = 1;
for_each_ref(get_name);
1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like this (when -c
option is used):
diff --combined file
or like this (when --cc option is used):
diff --cc file
2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines (this example shows
a merge with two parents):
index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
new file mode <mode>
deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
The mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode> line appears only if at least one of the
<mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with information
about detected contents movement (renames and copying detection) are
designed to work with diff of two <tree-ish> and are not used by combined
diff format.
3. It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
--- a/file
+++ b/file
Similar to two-line header for traditional unified diff format,
/dev/null is used to signal created or deleted files.
4. Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from accidentally
feeding it to patch -p1. Combined diff format was created for review
of merge commit changes, and was not meant for apply. The change is
similar to the change in the extended index header:
@@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
There are (number of parents + 1) @ characters in the chunk header for
combined diff format.
Unlike the traditional unified diff format, which shows two files A and B
with a single column that has - (minus — appears in A but removed in B),
+ (plus — missing in A but added to B), or " " (space — unchanged) prefix,
this format compares two or more files file1, file2,... with one file X,
and shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of fileN is
prepended to the output line to note how X’s line is different from it.
A - character in the column N means that the line appears in fileN but it
does not appear in the result. A + character in the column N means that
the line appears in the result, and fileN does not have that line (in
other words, the line was added, from the point of view of that parent).
In the above example output, the function signature was changed from both
files (hence two - removals from both file1 and file2, plus ++ to mean one
line that was added does not appear in either file1 nor file2). Also eight
other lines are the same from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence
prefixed with +).
When shown by git diff-tree -c, it compares the parents of a merge commit
with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the parents). When shown by
git diff-files -c, it compares the two unresolved merge parents with the
working tree file (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage
3 aka "their version").