如何创建仅设置文件中几列的外部表?
例如:在存档中,我有六列,A,B,C,D,E,F。但是在我的表格中,我只想要 A、C、F。
可能吗?
我不知道
有选择地将HDFS文件中的列包含在外部表中的方法。 根据您的使用案例,基于外部表定义视图以仅包含所需的列可能就足够了。 例如,给定以下愚蠢的外部表示例:
hive> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ext_table (
> A STRING,
> B STRING,
> C STRING,
> D STRING,
> E STRING,
> F STRING
> )
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
> STORED AS TEXTFILE
> LOCATION '/tmp/ext_table';
OK
Time taken: 0.401 seconds
hive> SELECT * FROM ext_table;
OK
row_1_col_A row_1_col_B row_1_col_C row_1_col_D row_1_col_E row_1_col_F
row_2_col_A row_2_col_B row_2_col_C row_2_col_D row_2_col_E row_2_col_F
row_3_col_A row_3_col_B row_3_col_C row_3_col_D row_3_col_E row_3_col_F
Time taken: 0.222 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
然后创建一个视图以仅包含所需的列:
hive> CREATE VIEW filtered_ext_table AS SELECT A, C, F FROM ext_table;
OK
Time taken: 0.749 seconds
hive> DESCRIBE filtered_ext_table;
OK
a string
c string
f string
Time taken: 0.266 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> SELECT * FROM filtered_ext_table;
OK
row_1_col_A row_1_col_C row_1_col_F
row_2_col_A row_2_col_C row_2_col_F
row_3_col_A row_3_col_C row_3_col_F
Time taken: 0.301 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
实现所需目标的另一种方法是,您能够修改支持外部表的 HDFS 文件 - 如果您感兴趣的列都在每行的开头附近,那么您可以定义外部表以仅捕获前 3 列(而不考虑文件中实际有多少列)。 例如,使用与上述相同的数据文件:
hive> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ext_table;
OK
Time taken: 1.438 seconds
hive> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ext_table (
> A STRING,
> B STRING,
> C STRING
> )
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
> STORED AS TEXTFILE
> LOCATION '/tmp/ext_table';
OK
Time taken: 0.734 seconds
hive> SELECT * FROM ext_table;
OK
row_1_col_A row_1_col_B row_1_col_C
row_2_col_A row_2_col_B row_2_col_C
row_3_col_A row_3_col_B row_3_col_C
Time taken: 0.727 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
我在这里找到了答案
create table tmpdc_ticket(
SERVICE_ID CHAR(144),
SERVICE_TYPE CHAR(50),
CUSTOMER_NAME CHAR(200),
TELEPHONE_NO CHAR(144),
ACCOUNT_NUMBER CHAR(144),
FAULT_STATUS CHAR(50),
BUSINESS_GROUP CHAR(100)
)
organization external(
type oracle_loader
default directory sample_directory
access parameters(
records delimited by newline
nologfile
skip 1
fields terminated by '|'
missing field values are null
(DUMMY_1,
DUMMY_2,
SERVICE_ID CHAR(144),
SERVICE_TYPE CHAR(50),
CUSTOMER_NAME CHAR(200),
TELEPHONE_NO CHAR(144),
ACCOUNT_NUMBER CHAR(144),
FAULT_STATUS CHAR(50),
BUSINESS_GROUP CHAR(100)
)
)
location(sample_directory:'sample_file.txt')
)
reject limit 1
noparallel
nomonitoring;