我在matplotlib中有一个三维散点图，并根据这里的答案，特别是Don Cristobal的答案，设置了注释。
我已经设置了一些基本的事件捕获代码，但经过几天的尝试，我仍然没有实现我的目标。这些是：
(i) 用鼠标左键选择时，将点(点)的颜色从蓝色更改为深蓝色/绿色。
(ii)按下"删除"键后，删除(i)中选择的任何点，包括任何注释
(iii)使用选择矩形选择(i)中的多个点，并使用"删除"键删除
我尝试了很多方法，包括根据数据的变化对图表进行动画更新、操纵艺术家参数、通过例如xs, ys, zs = graph._offsets3d(似乎没有记录)更改数据点，但都无济于事。
我已尝试在onpick(事件)功能内：
(i) 通过event.ind与点交互，使用event.article.set_face_color()更改颜色
(ii)使用artist.Remove()移除点
(iii)使用xs，ys，zs=图移除点_offsets3d，通过索引从xs、ys和zs中删除相关点(event.ind[0])，然后通过graph重置图点_offsets3d=xs_new，ys_new，zs_new
(iv)只重新绘制图表或图表的相关部分(闪电战？)
没有成功！
我当前的代码大致如下。事实上，我有几百点，而不是下面简化示例中的3。如果可能的话，我希望图表能顺利更新，尽管只是得到一些可用的东西会很棒。执行此操作的大多数代码可能应该位于"onpick"中，因为它是处理拾取事件的函数(请参阅事件处理程序)。我保留了一些代码尝试，评论道，我希望这些尝试可能会有一些用处。"forceUpdate"函数旨在更新事件触发器上的图形对象，但我不相信它目前有任何作用。函数on_key(event)目前似乎也不起作用：大概必须有一个设置才能确定要删除的点，例如，所有艺术家的面部颜色都已从默认值更改(例如，删除所有颜色为深蓝色/绿色而非浅蓝色的点)。
非常感谢您的帮助。
代码(如下)调用时使用：
visualize3DData (Y, ids, subindustry)
一些样本数据点如下：
#Datapoints
Y = np.array([[ 4.82250000e+01, 1.20276889e-03, 9.14501289e-01], [ 6.17564688e+01, 5.95020883e-02, -1.56770827e+00], [ 4.55139000e+01, 9.13454423e-02, -8.12277299e+00]])
#Annotations
ids = ['a', 'b', 'c']
subindustry = 'example'
我当前的代码在这里：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt, numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d
def visualize3DData (X, ids, subindus):
"""Visualize data in 3d plot with popover next to mouse position.
Args:
X (np.array) - array of points, of shape (numPoints, 3)
Returns:
None
"""
fig = plt.figure(figsize = (16,10))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection = '3d')
graph = ax.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], X[:, 2], depthshade = False, picker = True)
def distance(point, event):
"""Return distance between mouse position and given data point
Args:
point (np.array): np.array of shape (3,), with x,y,z in data coords
event (MouseEvent): mouse event (which contains mouse position in .x and .xdata)
Returns:
distance (np.float64): distance (in screen coords) between mouse pos and data point
"""
assert point.shape == (3,), "distance: point.shape is wrong: %s, must be (3,)" % point.shape
# Project 3d data space to 2d data space
x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(point[0], point[1], point[2], plt.gca().get_proj())
# Convert 2d data space to 2d screen space
x3, y3 = ax.transData.transform((x2, y2))
return np.sqrt ((x3 - event.x)**2 + (y3 - event.y)**2)
def calcClosestDatapoint(X, event):
""""Calculate which data point is closest to the mouse position.
Args:
X (np.array) - array of points, of shape (numPoints, 3)
event (MouseEvent) - mouse event (containing mouse position)
Returns:
smallestIndex (int) - the index (into the array of points X) of the element closest to the mouse position
"""
distances = [distance (X[i, 0:3], event) for i in range(X.shape[0])]
return np.argmin(distances)
def annotatePlot(X, index, ids):
"""Create popover label in 3d chart
Args:
X (np.array) - array of points, of shape (numPoints, 3)
index (int) - index (into points array X) of item which should be printed
Returns:
None
"""
# If we have previously displayed another label, remove it first
if hasattr(annotatePlot, 'label'):
annotatePlot.label.remove()
# Get data point from array of points X, at position index
x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(X[index, 0], X[index, 1], X[index, 2], ax.get_proj())
annotatePlot.label = plt.annotate( ids[index],
xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (-20, 20), textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))
fig.canvas.draw()
def onMouseMotion(event):
"""Event that is triggered when mouse is moved. Shows text annotation over data point closest to mouse."""
closestIndex = calcClosestDatapoint(X, event)
annotatePlot (X, closestIndex, ids)
def onclick(event):
print('%s click: button=%d, x=%d, y=%d, xdata=%f, ydata=%f' %
('double' if event.dblclick else 'single', event.button,
event.x, event.y, event.xdata, event.ydata))
def on_key(event):
"""
Function to be bound to the key press event
If the key pressed is delete and there is a picked object,
remove that object from the canvas
"""
if event.key == u'delete':
ax = plt.gca()
if ax.picked_object:
ax.picked_object.remove()
ax.picked_object = None
ax.figure.canvas.draw()
def onpick(event):
xmouse, ymouse = event.mouseevent.xdata, event.mouseevent.ydata
artist = event.artist
# print(dir(event.mouseevent))
ind = event.ind
# print('Artist picked:', event.artist)
# # print('{} vertices picked'.format(len(ind)))
print('ind', ind)
# # print('Pick between vertices {} and {}'.format(min(ind), max(ind) + 1))
# print('x, y of mouse: {:.2f},{:.2f}'.format(xmouse, ymouse))
# # print('Data point:', x[ind[0]], y[ind[0]])
#
# # remove = [artist for artist in pickable_artists if artist.contains(event)[0]]
# remove = [artist for artist in X if artist.contains(event)[0]]
#
# if not remove:
# # add a pt
# x, y = ax.transData.inverted().transform_point([event.x, event.y])
# pt, = ax.plot(x, y, 'o', picker=5)
# pickable_artists.append(pt)
# else:
# for artist in remove:
# artist.remove()
# plt.draw()
# plt.draw_idle()
xs, ys, zs = graph._offsets3d
print(xs[ind[0]])
print(ys[ind[0]])
print(zs[ind[0]])
print(dir(artist))
# xs[ind[0]] = 0.5
# ys[ind[0]] = 0.5
# zs[ind[0]] = 0.5
# graph._offsets3d = (xs, ys, zs)
# print(artist.get_facecolor())
# artist.set_facecolor('red')
graph._facecolors[ind, :] = (1, 0, 0, 1)
plt.draw()
def forceUpdate(event):
global graph
graph.changed()
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', onMouseMotion) # on mouse motion
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', onclick)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', onpick)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', forceUpdate)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
好的，我至少为您提供了一个部分解决方案，没有矩形选择，但您可以选择多个点并用一个key_event删除它们。
要更改颜色，您需要更改graph._facecolor3d，此错误报告中提示set_facecolor未设置_facecolor3d。
将函数重写为类，以去掉任何所需的global变量，这可能也是一个好主意。
我的解决方案有一些不太漂亮的部分，我需要在删除数据点后重新绘制图形，我无法删除和更新。还有(请参见下面的编辑2)。我还没有实现如果删除最后一个数据点会发生什么。
你的函数on_key(event)不工作的原因很简单：你忘了连接它。
因此，这是一个应该满足目标(i)和(ii)的解决方案：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt, numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d
class Class3DDataVisualizer:
def __init__(self, X, ids, subindus, drawNew = True):
self.X = X;
self.ids = ids
self.subindus = subindus
self.disconnect = False
self.ind = []
self.label = None
if drawNew:
self.fig = plt.figure(figsize = (7,5))
else:
self.fig.delaxes(self.ax)
self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111, projection = '3d')
self.graph = self.ax.scatter(self.X[:, 0], self.X[:, 1], self.X[:, 2], depthshade = False, picker = True, facecolors=np.repeat([[0,0,1,1]],X.shape[0], axis=0) )
if drawNew and not self.disconnect:
self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', lambda event: self.onMouseMotion(event)) # on mouse motion
self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', lambda event: self.onpick(event))
self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('key_press_event', lambda event: self.on_key(event))
self.fig.tight_layout()
self.fig.show()
def distance(self, point, event):
"""Return distance between mouse position and given data point
Args:
point (np.array): np.array of shape (3,), with x,y,z in data coords
event (MouseEvent): mouse event (which contains mouse position in .x and .xdata)
Returns:
distance (np.float64): distance (in screen coords) between mouse pos and data point
"""
assert point.shape == (3,), "distance: point.shape is wrong: %s, must be (3,)" % point.shape
# Project 3d data space to 2d data space
x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(point[0], point[1], point[2], plt.gca().get_proj())
# Convert 2d data space to 2d screen space
x3, y3 = self.ax.transData.transform((x2, y2))
return np.sqrt ((x3 - event.x)**2 + (y3 - event.y)**2)
def calcClosestDatapoint(self, event):
""""Calculate which data point is closest to the mouse position.
Args:
X (np.array) - array of points, of shape (numPoints, 3)
event (MouseEvent) - mouse event (containing mouse position)
Returns:
smallestIndex (int) - the index (into the array of points X) of the element closest to the mouse position
"""
distances = [self.distance (self.X[i, 0:3], event) for i in range(self.X.shape[0])]
return np.argmin(distances)
def annotatePlot(self, index):
"""Create popover label in 3d chart
Args:
X (np.array) - array of points, of shape (numPoints, 3)
index (int) - index (into points array X) of item which should be printed
Returns:
None
"""
# If we have previously displayed another label, remove it first
if self.label is not None:
self.label.remove()
# Get data point from array of points X, at position index
x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(self.X[index, 0], self.X[index, 1], self.X[index, 2], self.ax.get_proj())
self.label = plt.annotate( self.ids[index],
xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (-20, 20), textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))
self.fig.canvas.draw()
def onMouseMotion(self, event):
"""Event that is triggered when mouse is moved. Shows text annotation over data point closest to mouse."""
closestIndex = self.calcClosestDatapoint(event)
self.annotatePlot (closestIndex)
def on_key(self, event):
"""
Function to be bound to the key press event
If the key pressed is delete and there is a picked object,
remove that object from the canvas
"""
if event.key == u'delete':
if self.ind:
self.X = np.delete(self.X, self.ind, axis=0)
self.ids = np.delete(ids, self.ind, axis=0)
self.__init__(self.X, self.ids, self.subindus, False)
else:
print('nothing selected')
def onpick(self, event):
self.ind.append(event.ind)
self.graph._facecolor3d[event.ind] = [1,0,0,1]
#Datapoints
Y = np.array([[ 4.82250000e+01, 1.20276889e-03, 9.14501289e-01], [ 6.17564688e+01, 5.95020883e-02, -1.56770827e+00], [ 4.55139000e+01, 9.13454423e-02, -8.12277299e+00], [3, 8, -8.12277299e+00]])
#Annotations
ids = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
subindustries = 'example'
Class3DDataVisualizer(Y, ids, subindustries)
要实现矩形选择，您必须覆盖当前拖动(旋转三维绘图)过程中发生的情况，或者更简单的解决方案是通过连续两次单击来定义矩形。
然后使用proj3d.proj_transform查找该矩形内的数据，找到所述数据的索引，并使用self.graph._facecolor3d[idx]函数对其重新着色，然后用这些索引填充self.ind，然后点击delete将删除self.ind指定的所有数据。
编辑：我在__init__中添加了两行，删除了ax/sublot，然后在删除数据点后添加了一行。我注意到，在删除了几个数据点后，绘图交互变得很慢，因为图形只是在每个子绘图上绘图。
第2版：我发现了如何修改数据而不是重新绘制整个绘图，正如本答案中提到的，您将不得不修改_offsets3d，它奇怪地为x和y返回一个元组，但为z返回一个数组。
您可以使用进行修改
(x,y,z) = self.graph._offsets3d # or event.artist._offsets3d
xNew = x[:int(idx)] + x[int(idx)+1:]
yNew = y[:int(idx)] + y[int(idx)+1:]
z = np.delete(z, int(idx))
self.graph._offsets3d = (xNew,yNew,z) # or event.artist._offsets3d
但是，在删除循环中的几个数据点时会遇到问题，因为之前存储的索引在第一个循环后将不适用，您必须更新_facecolor3d，即标签列表。。。所以我选择保持原样，因为用新数据重新绘制图表似乎比这更容易、更干净。