C语言 父进程等待所有子进程完成,然后再继续



我希望我的父进程等待所有子进程完成再继续,我有一个解决方案。

int status;
pid_t pid = 0;
int num = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES; i++)
{
    pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0)
    {
        //printf("Hello from Childn");
        sleep(5 - i);
        printf("Hello from Child %dn",i + 1);
        num++;
        return 0;
    }
    else if (pid)
    {
        waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
        continue;
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Errorn");
        exit(1);
    }

}
printf("Hello from the process, currentPid : %d, pid : %dn", getpid(), pid);
return 0;

但是似乎我必须等待每个子进程才能完成,有没有办法使所有子进程都必须能够并行运行?

您只需要在循环中启动进程,然后在原始进程中循环等待,直到没有更多的活着的孩子。喜欢这个:

for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES; i++) {
    pid = fork();   
    if (pid == 0) { // child
        sleep(5 - i);
        printf("Hello from Child %dn",i + 1);
        num++;
        return 0;
    }
    else if (pid==-1) {
        printf("Errorn");
        break; // out on failure
    }
}
// try to wait for any children while there exists at least one
while ((pid=waitpid(-1,&status,0))!=-1) {
  printf("Process %d terminatedn",pid);
}

因此,孩子将同时生活,父母将等待他们的终止。

您可以启动所有子项(并保留其 pid),然后,您将在循环中使用 waitpid(请参阅等待任何子项的选项),直到没有子项。

听起来对你来说很好吗?

编辑:

#define NB_PROCESSES 5
int main(void)
{
    pid_t pidChild[NB_PROCESSES];
    pid_t stoppedChild;
    int   nbChild                = 0;
    printf("Launching all child.n");
    for (int i = 0; i < NB_PROCESSES; ++i) {
        if ((pidChild[i] = fork()) == -1) {
            printf("Error while fork the %d child : errno = '%s'.n", i, strerror(errno));
        } else {
            if (pidChild[i] == 0) {
                sleep(NB_PROCESSES - i);
                printf("Hello from Child %dn",i);
                return (0);
            } else {
                ++nbChild;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("Waiting all child.n");
    while (nbChild) {
        stoppedChild = waitpid(WAIT_ANY, NULL, 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < NB_PROCESSES; ++i) {
            if (stoppedChild == pidChild[i]) {
                printf("Child %d stopped.n", i);
            }
        }
        --nbChild;
    }

    printf("Hello from the process, currentPid : %dn", getpid());
    return (0);
}

你可以像这样保留他们的pid。

使用 waitpid

    waitpid(childPid, &returnStatus, 0);  // Parent process waits here for child to terminate.
    if (returnStatus == 0)  // Verify child process terminated without error.  
    {
       std::cout << "The child process terminated normally." << std::endl;    
    }
    if (returnStatus == 1)      
    {
       std::cout << "The child process terminated with an error!." << std::endl;    
    }

并行的子进程。一个子项可能会快速运行并在下一个运行之前终止,在这种情况下,子项实际上是串行运行的。

for( int n = 0; n < 4; ++n ) {
    switch( fork()) { 
      /* do stuff, but don't wait() or terminate */
    } 
}

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