如何修复在 Django 中执行 manage.py 运行服务器命令时的错误原因?

Question

我最近加入了正在进行的项目，该项目已经使用Django框架完成，我是这个框架的新手。这段代码不是我的。当我运行python manage.py 运行服务器命令时，我收到以下错误。

我已经完成了自述文件中要求的所有配置。

这是 local.py 文件

try:
from .base import *
except ImportError:
pass
from configparser import RawConfigParser

config = RawConfigParser()
config.read('/etc/django_settings/hopster_settings.ini')
SECRET_KEY = config.get('secrets', 'SECRET_KEY')
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS += [
'rest_framework_swagger',  # to enable swagger documentation for rest api
'django_extensions',  # for print db schemas
]
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_ENGINE'),
'NAME': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_NAME'),
'USER': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_USER'),
'PASSWORD': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_PASSWORD'),
'HOST': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_HOST'),
'PORT': config.get('database', 'DATABASE_PORT'),
}
}
SITE_ID = 1
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_NAME = 'hopster_static_cdn'
MEDIA_NAME = 'hopster_media_cdn'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "static"),
# '/var/www/static/',
]
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), STATIC_NAME)

# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), 'images', 'static')
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "english_vlog_static_cdn")
# media files on local server
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), MEDIA_NAME)
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',  # convert rest output into json format by ignoring browsable API
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',  # to get the browsable API in web
),
# 'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': (
#     'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
# )
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
# 'oauth2_provider.ext.rest_framework.OAuth2Authentication', Deprecated
'oauth2_provider.contrib.rest_framework.OAuth2Authentication',
# social authentication
'rest_framework_social_oauth2.authentication.SocialAuthentication',
),
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly',
'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',
)
}
OAUTH_SINGLE_ACCESS_TOKEN = True
OAUTH2_PROVIDER = {
'OAUTH_SINGLE_ACCESS_TOKEN': True,
'OAUTH_DELETE_EXPIRED': True,
# 'ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS': 24 * 60 * 60,    # expires after 24 hours (default 10 hours = 36000s)
# 'ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS': 60 * 60,    # expires after 1 hour (default 10 hours = 36000s)
'ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS': 60 * 60 * 24 * 366,  # expires after 1 year
'REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_SECONDS': 60,
# this is the list of available scopes
'SCOPES': {
'read': 'Read scope',
'write': 'Write scope',
'groups': 'Access to your groups'
}
}

AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
# weixin a.k.a wechat oauth2
# 'social_core.backends.weixin.WeixinOAuth2',
# vk oauth2
'social_core.backends.vk.VKOAuth2',
# Others auth providers (e.g. Google, OpenId, etc)
# Facebook OAuth2
'social_core.backends.facebook.FacebookAppOAuth2',
'social_core.backends.facebook.FacebookOAuth2',
'oauth2_provider.backends.OAuth2Backend',
# Google Oauth2
'social_core.backends.google.GoogleOAuth2',
# django-rest-framework-social-oauth2
'rest_framework_social_oauth2.backends.DjangoOAuth2',
# Django
'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
'oauth2_provider.backends.OAuth2Backend',
)
# fill these
SOCIAL_AUTH_GOOGLE_OAUTH2_KEY = ''
SOCIAL_AUTH_GOOGLE_OAUTH2_SECRET = ''
SOCIAL_AUTH_GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID = ''

# for Gmail
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[e-mail]'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'Hopster@123'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER

这是 wsgi.py 文件

import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "hopster.settings.local")
application = get_wsgi_application()

这是错误

回溯(最近一次调用(： 文件 "manage.py"，第 22 行，在 execute_from_command_line(sys.argv( 文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management__init__.py"，第 381 行，execute_from_command_line utility.execute((

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management__init__.py"，第 375 行，正在执行 self.fetch_command(subcommand(.run_from_argv(self.argv(

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py"，第 316 行，run_from_argv self.execute(*args， **cmd_options(

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\command\runserver.py"，第 60 行，正在执行 super((.execute(*args， **options(

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py"，第 353 行，正在执行中 output = self.handle(*args， **options(

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\command\runserver.py"，第 67 行，在句柄中 如果不是设置。调试而不是设置。ALLOWED_HOSTS：

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf__init__.py"，第 57 行，在getattrself._setup(name( 中

文件"F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf__init__.py"，第44行，_setup self._wrapped = 设置(settings_module(

文件 "F：\Python Project\Hopster Mobile Application\Test\hopster\venv\lib\site-packages\django\conf__init__.py"，第 126 行，在initraise 不正确配置("SECRET_KEY设置不得为空。

django.core.exceptions.不正确配置：SECRET_KEY设置不得为空。

Answer 1

我认为问题出在您的manage.py.您的manage.py应该是

import locale
import os
import sys
if __name__ == '__main__':
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'hopster.settings.local')    # Your local.py
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
'Could not import Django. Are you sure it is installed and '
'available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you '
'forget to activate a virtual environment?'
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

Answer 2

您的 manage.py 文件应该这样定义(适用于实时部署(：

import os
import sys
import dotenv #pip install python3-dotenv
def main():
"""Run administrative tasks."""
dotenv.load_dotenv(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'config.env')
)
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', "hopster.settings.local")
if os.getenv("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"):
os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = os.getenv("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE")
try:
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
except ImportError as exc:
raise ImportError(
"Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
"available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
"forget to activate a virtual environment?"
) from exc
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

然后创建一个文件(manage.py 文件所在的位置(config.env并在该文件中定义SECRET_KEY。此外，定义设置模块。您的 config.env 文件应如下所示：

DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE = hopster.settings.local
SECRET_KEY = tantallum@tungsten...(whatever)

在settings.local文件中，将SECRET_KEY定义为：

SECRET_KEY = os.getenv("SECRET_KEY")