我在ASP.NET核心和主张中有一个有关JWT身份验证的问题，因为我不知道我是否正确获得了所有内容。
当我在ASP.NET中创建JWT令牌时，我会添加一些主张，其中一些可以定制。当使用JWT令牌的请求从客户端发送到API时会发生什么。用户如何填写？它使用JWT阅读的主张吗？
我想创建一个自定义身份提供商（不想使用ASP.NET提供的此功能），并使用我自己的表作为用户数据，角色等。我不想存储满足满足所需的所有重要数据JWT令牌中的策略（存储在令牌事项中的信息数量以及安全事项）。是否可以在JWT令牌中仅存储基本索赔（例如用户ID，名称等），然后重新获取其他必需的数据DB/CACE？除此之外，我想使用标准机制来[授权]和政策机制。
如何使这一切都起作用：自定义用户身份 JWT 标准ASP.NET基于策略的授权 根据每个请求从db/cache提取的索赔？如何实现这一目标？
asp net core
第一步是编写配置JWT身份验证的方法：
// Configure authentication with JWT (Json Web Token).
public void ConfigureJwtAuthService(IServiceCollection services)
{
// Enable the use of an [Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes =
// JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
// attribute on methods and classes to protect.
services.AddAuthentication().AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
cfg.SaveToken = true;
cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
IssuerSigningKey = JwtController.SecurityKey,
ValidAudience = JwtController.Audience,
ValidIssuer = JwtController.Issuer,
// When receiving a token, check that we've signed it.
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
// When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
ValidateLifetime = true,
// This defines the maximum allowable clock skew when validating
// the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens locally and validating
// them on the same machines which should have synchronised time,
// this can be set to zero.
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
};
});
}
现在在 configureservices（） startup.cs 的方法中，我们可以调用 configurejwtauthservice（）方法来配置JWT autheTication。
这是完整的 starmup.cs ：
using System;
using Autofac;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Controllers;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Domain;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Domain.Interfaces;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.SpaServices.Webpack;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace ExpertCodeBlogWebApp
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add
// services to the container.
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc();
// Configure jwt autenticazione
ConfigureJwtAuthService(services);
// Repositories
services.AddScoped<IUserRepository, UserRepository>();
// Create the Autofac container builder for dependency injection
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
// Add any Autofac modules or registrations.
builder.RegisterModule(new AutofacModule());
// Return ServiceProvider
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
return serviceProvider;
}
// Configure authentication with JWT (Json Web Token).
public void ConfigureJwtAuthService(IServiceCollection services)
{
// Enable the use of an [Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes =
// JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
// attribute on methods and classes to protect.
services.AddAuthentication().AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
cfg.SaveToken = true;
cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
IssuerSigningKey = JwtController.SecurityKey,
ValidAudience = JwtController.Audience,
ValidIssuer = JwtController.Issuer,
// When receiving a token, check that we've signed it.
ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
// When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
ValidateLifetime = true,
// This defines the maximum allowable clock skew when validating
// the lifetime.
// As we're creating the tokens locally and validating them on the
// same machines which should have synchronised time, this can be
// set to zero.
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
};
});
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure
// the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
app.UseWebpackDevMiddleware(new WebpackDevMiddlewareOptions
{
HotModuleReplacement = true
});
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
routes.MapSpaFallbackRoute(
name: "spa-fallback",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
});
}
}
// For dependency injection.
public class AutofacModule : Module
{
// Dependency Injection with Autofact
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
builder.RegisterType<UserRepository>().As<IUserRepository>()
.SingleInstance();
}
}
}
jwtcontroller.cs
using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Security.Principal;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using AutoMapper;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Domain;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Domain.Interfaces;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Domain.Models;
using ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
namespace ExpertCodeBlogWebApp.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class JwtController : Controller
{
#region Private Members
// JWT-related members
private TimeSpan TokenExpiration;
private SigningCredentials SigningCredentials;
// EF and Identity members, available through DI
private MyDbContext DbContext;
private IUserRepository _userRepository;
private readonly ILogger _logger;
#endregion Private Members
#region Static Members
private static readonly string PrivateKey = "my_PrivateKey";
public static readonly SymmetricSecurityKey SecurityKey =
new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(PrivateKey));
public static readonly string Issuer = "my_Issuer";
public static readonly string Audience = "my_Audience";
#endregion Static Members
#region Constructor
// I have used Autofac in the Startup.cs for dependency injection)
public JwtController(
MyDbContext dbContext,
IUserRepository userRepository,
ILogger<JwtController> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
_userRepository = userRepository;
// Instantiate JWT-related members
TokenExpiration = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10);
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(SecurityKey,
SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
// Instantiate through Dependency Injection with Autofact
DbContext = dbContext;
}
#endregion Constructor
#region Public Methods
// Manages the request for a new authentication or the refresh of an
// already established one
[HttpPost("token")]
public async Task<IActionResult>
Authentication([FromBody]JwtRequestViewModel jwt)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
string grantType = jwt.GrantType;
if (grantType == "password")
{
string userName = jwt.UserName;
string password = jwt.Password;
// Password check required
var user = await
_userRepository.GetUserInfoWithCheckPwd(userName, password);
// Check if user is expired (check the ExpireDate property)
if (UserExpired(user))
return BadRequest($"Account of {user.Name} expired!");
if (UserEnabled(user))
return await GenerateToken(user);
else
return BadRequest("User name or password invalid.");
}
}
else if (grantType == "refresh_token")
{
string userName = jwt.UserName;
// Refresh token (no password check required)
var user = await _userRepository.GetUserInfoByName(userName);
// Check if user is expired (check the ExpireDate property)
if (UserExpired(user))
return BadRequest($"Account of {user.Name} expired!");
string token = jwt.Token;
if (token == user.Token)
{
// Generate token and send it via a json-formatted string
return await GenerateToken(user);
}
else
{
return BadRequest("User token invalid.");
}
}
else
return BadRequest("Authentication type invalid.");
}
else
return BadRequest("Request invalid.");
}
#endregion Public Methods
#region Private Methods
private bool UserExpired(Users utente)
{
if (utente != null)
return utente.ExpireDate.CompareTo(DateTime.Now) < 0;
return true;
}
private bool UserEnabled(Users utente)
{
if (utente != null)
return utente.Enabled == true;
return false;
}
private JsonSerializerSettings DefaultJsonSettings
{
get
{
return new JsonSerializerSettings()
{
Formatting = Formatting.Indented
};
}
}
private async Task<IActionResult> GenerateToken(Users user)
{
try
{
if (user != null)
{
var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
DateTime newTokenExpiration = DateTime.Now.Add(TokenExpiration);
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(
new GenericIdentity(user.Name, "TokenAuth"),
new[] { new Claim("ID", user.Id.ToString())}
);
var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Issuer = JwtController.Issuer,
Audience = JwtController.Audience,
SigningCredentials = SigningCredentials,
Subject = identity,
Expires = newTokenExpiration
});
string encodedToken = handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
// Update token data on database
await _userRepository.UpdateTokenData(user.Name, encodedToken,
newTokenExpiration);
// Build the json response
// (I use Automapper to maps an object into another object)
var jwtResponse = Mapper.Map<JwtResponseViewModel>(user);
jwtResponse.AccessToken = encodedToken;
jwtResponse.Expiration = (int)TokenExpiration.TotalSeconds;
return Ok(jwtResponse);
}
return NotFound();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
return BadRequest(e.Message);
}
}
#endregion
}
}
在我的项目上，我使用了角。为了通过Angular致电JWTController方法：
login(userName: string, password: string)
{
return this.getLoginEndpoint(userName, password)
.map((response: Response) => this.processLoginResponse(response));
}
getLoginEndpoint(userName: string, password: string): Observable<Response>
{
// Body
// JwtRequest is a model class that I use to send info to the controller
let jwt = new JwtRequest();
jwt.GrantType = "password";
jwt.UserName = userName;
jwt.Password = password;
jwt.ClientId = "my_Issuer";
// Post requiest (I use getAuthHeader that attach to the header the
// authentication token, but it can also be omitted because it is ignored
// by the JwtController
return this.http.post(this.loginUrl, JSON.stringify(jwt),
this.getAuthHeader(true))
}
protected getAuthHeader(includeJsonContentType?: boolean): RequestOptions
{
// Hera I use this.authService.accessToken that is a my service where
// I have store the token received from the server
let headers = new Headers({
'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + this.authService.accessToken });
if (includeJsonContentType)
headers.append("Content-Type", "application/json");
headers.append("Accept", `application/vnd.iman.v01+json,
application/json, text/plain, */*`);
headers.append("App-Version", "01");
return new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });
}
private processLoginResponse(response: Response)
{
// process the response..
}
在控制器类（或方法）上，您只想通过身份验证的用户才能访问（不在JWTController上，因为所有用户必须访问其方法），您可以设置：
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]
要从Angular调用需要身份验证的控制器方法，您需要使用 getAuthheader（）方法将令牌连接到标题中。
我希望这篇文章能为您提供帮助。
是的，它使用了存储在JWT令牌中的索赔查看创建令牌
时存储在令牌中的httpcontext对象此链接也可以有用。