检测文档手册 5.0 文档中的表元素错误

Question

我在上一篇文章中没有太多运气得到完整的答案。所以我再次尝试采用不同的方法。

如何在以下带有表格的文档手册文章中检测错误：

$ cat article.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0">
<title>Title</title>
<table>
<caption>caption</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">
<para>my para</para>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</article>

显然，由于我制作了一个可重现的小示例，我知道输入文档手册文档中的错误在哪里，我的问题是关于可用于检测它们并有效跟踪它们的命令行工具(行号和可能的列偏移量)。

我只接受使用输入文档手册 5.0 (XML) 文档或输入格式对象(FO 文件)检测错误的答案。

答案应该在一系列命令行工具中明确(使用软件"X"不是一个可接受的答案)。

理想情况下，我会猜测我可以简单地运行：

$ xmllint --nonet --noout --schema /usr/share/xml/docbook/schema/xsd/5.0/docbook.xsd article.xml
article.xml validates

或

$ jing /usr/share/xml/docbook/schema/rng/5.0/docbook.rng article.xml && echo "success"
success

作为参考，这里是我在我的 Debian GNU/Linux 系统上拥有的全部内容 [*]

---

更新：我不是在寻找所有可能的FO问题的通用解决方案，我只是在寻找一种在冗长而复杂的<table>元素中跟踪问题的方法。

[*]

$ xsltproc -o article.fo /usr/share/xml/docbook/stylesheet/docbook-xsl/fo/docbook.xsl article.xml && fop article.fo article.pdf
Note: namesp. cut : stripped namespace before processing           Additional Protocols
Note: namesp. cut : processing stripped document                   Additional Protocols
Making portrait pages on USletter paper (8.5inx11in)
[WARN] FOUserAgent - The following feature isn't implemented by Apache FOP, yet: table-layout="auto" (on fo:table) (See position 2:30164)
[ERROR] FOP - Exception <org.apache.fop.apps.FOPException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.>org.apache.fop.apps.FOPException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.transformTo(InputHandler.java:288)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.renderTo(InputHandler.java:115)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.startFOP(Main.java:186)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.main(Main.java:217)
Caused by: javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.transform(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:502)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.transformTo(InputHandler.java:285)
... 3 more
Caused by: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.FixedColRowGroupBuilder.endTablePart(FixedColRowGroupBuilder.java:183)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder$6.play(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:107)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder.endTable(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.finalizeNode(Table.java:260)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FONode.endOfNode(FONode.java:330)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.endOfNode(Table.java:243)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder$MainFOHandler.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:360)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:190)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.endElement(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:1102)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.xinclude.XIncludeHandler.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDispatcher.dispatch(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.transform(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:485)
... 4 more
---------
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.transform(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:502)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.transformTo(InputHandler.java:285)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.renderTo(InputHandler.java:115)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.startFOP(Main.java:186)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.main(Main.java:217)
Caused by: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.FixedColRowGroupBuilder.endTablePart(FixedColRowGroupBuilder.java:183)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder$6.play(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:107)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder.endTable(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.finalizeNode(Table.java:260)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FONode.endOfNode(FONode.java:330)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.endOfNode(Table.java:243)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder$MainFOHandler.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:360)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:190)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.endElement(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:1102)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.xinclude.XIncludeHandler.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDispatcher.dispatch(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.transform(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:485)
... 4 more
---------
org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.FixedColRowGroupBuilder.endTablePart(FixedColRowGroupBuilder.java:183)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder$6.play(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:107)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.VariableColRowGroupBuilder.endTable(VariableColRowGroupBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.finalizeNode(Table.java:260)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FONode.endOfNode(FONode.java:330)
at org.apache.fop.fo.flow.table.Table.endOfNode(Table.java:243)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder$MainFOHandler.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:360)
at org.apache.fop.fo.FOTreeBuilder.endElement(FOTreeBuilder.java:190)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.endElement(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:1102)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.xinclude.XIncludeHandler.endElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanEndElement(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDispatcher.dispatch(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.XMLParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.parsers.AbstractSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserImpl$JAXPSAXParser.parse(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.xalan.transformer.TransformerIdentityImpl.transform(TransformerIdentityImpl.java:485)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.transformTo(InputHandler.java:285)
at org.apache.fop.cli.InputHandler.renderTo(InputHandler.java:115)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.startFOP(Main.java:186)
at org.apache.fop.cli.Main.main(Main.java:217)

Answer 1

我建议使用 XSLT 来检查您在 XSL 文件中定义的约束。

我刚刚准备了这样一个文件来检测您提到的特定问题，您可以使用xsltproc check-tables.xsl article.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<!-- Author: Alberto González Palomo http://sentido-labs.com
2016-12-24 00:20 -->
<!-- BEGIN checks -->
<xsl:template match="db:tbody">
<xsl:variable name="row-count" select="count(db:tr)"/>
<xsl:for-each select=".//db:td[@rowspan]">
<xsl:variable name="last-row-spanned" select="count(parent::db:tr/preceding-sibling::db:tr) + @rowspan"/>
<xsl:if test="$last-row-spanned &gt; $row-count">
<xsl:call-template name="error">
<!-- Optional in this case:
<xsl:with-param name="location" select="."/>
-->
<xsl:with-param name="message">A table-cell is spanning more rows than available in its parent element.</xsl:with-param>
</xsl:call-template>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>
<!-- END checks -->

<xsl:output method="text"/>
<xsl:template match="text()"><!-- Omit text content. --></xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="error">
<xsl:param name="location" select="."/>
<xsl:param name="message">No error message available.</xsl:param>
<!-- To stop at the first error, set the attribute terminate="yes".
In xsltproc, this also causes the process to return a failure value.
-->
<xsl:message terminate="no">
<xsl:text>Error: </xsl:text>
<xsl:call-template name="xpath">
<xsl:with-param name="location" select="$location"/>
</xsl:call-template>
<xsl:text>: </xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="$message"/>
</xsl:message>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template name="xpath">
<xsl:param name="location" select="."/>
<xsl:for-each select="$location/parent::*">
<xsl:call-template name="xpath"/>
</xsl:for-each>
<xsl:text>/</xsl:text>
<xsl:variable name="element-name" select="name($location)"/>
<xsl:value-of select="$element-name"/>
<xsl:variable name="preceding" select="count($location/preceding-sibling::*[name() = $element-name])"/>
<xsl:variable name="following" select="count($location/following-sibling::*[name() = $element-name])"/>
<xsl:if test="$preceding + $following &gt; 0">
<xsl:text>[</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="1 + $preceding"/>
<xsl:text>]</xsl:text>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

"db:tbody"模板计算可用的行数，然后循环访问具有@rowspan属性的所有td元素，如果元素的位置和@rowspan的总和大于tbody中的tr行数，则打印错误消息：

错误：/article/table/tbody/tr/td：表格单元格跨越更多行 比其父元素中可用。

您可以通过在"db:tbody"模板中添加更多检查或为其他元素编写新模板来扩展它，也可以通过将模板拆分为单独的 XSL 文件中并将它们包含在<xsl:import/>或<xsl:include/>中来对其进行模块化。

我们当然可以用任何其他支持 XPath 的语言编写类似的程序，但您手头已经有一个 XSLT 处理器。