Android L的涟漪效应 - 按钮的触摸反馈 - 使用XML

Question

我试图理解如何实现"涟漪效应-触摸反馈"按钮和其他视图。我研究了与SO的涟漪效应相关的问题，并对此有所了解。我能够使用这个java代码成功地获得涟漪效应。

import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.RadialGradient;
import android.graphics.Region;
import android.graphics.Shader;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MyButton extends Button {
    private float mDownX;
    private float mDownY;
    private float mRadius;
    private Paint mPaint;
    public MyButton(final Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }
    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }
    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
            final int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        init();
    }
    private void init() {
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAlpha(100);
    }
    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(@NonNull final MotionEvent event) {
        if (event.getActionMasked() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
            mDownX = event.getX();
            mDownY = event.getY();
            ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(this, "radius", 0,
                    getWidth() * 3.0f);
            animator.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
            animator.setDuration(400);
            animator.start();
        }
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }
    public void setRadius(final float radius) {
        mRadius = radius;
        if (mRadius > 0) {
            RadialGradient radialGradient = new RadialGradient(mDownX, mDownY,
                    mRadius * 3, Color.TRANSPARENT, Color.BLACK,
                    Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
            mPaint.setShader(radialGradient);
        }
        invalidate();
    }
    private Path mPath = new Path();
    private Path mPath2 = new Path();
    @Override
    protected void onDraw(@NonNull final Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPath2.reset();
        mPath2.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, Path.Direction.CW);
        canvas.clipPath(mPath2);
        mPath.reset();
        mPath.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius / 3, Path.Direction.CW);
        canvas.clipPath(mPath, Region.Op.DIFFERENCE);
        canvas.drawCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, mPaint);
    }
}

但是，我想使用XML方法。我如何做到这一点?我看过这个和这个，但我对风格还不是很熟悉，所以我发现很难达到连锁反应。

我有一个按钮与以下XML代码:

 <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_email"
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0.50"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="@string/email" />

我如何得到这个按钮的连锁反应。如果有人能指导我，我会很感激。

[EDIT]添加ripple.xml和background.xml，正如上面的一个链接所提到的。我已经在res中创建了一个drawable-v21文件夹，并在那里添加了以下文件:

ripple.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:color="@android:color/black" >
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/background">
    </item>
</ripple>

background.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <solid android:color="@android:color/darker_gray" />
</shape>

我添加了波纹作为我的按钮的背景，这是我的按钮的xml现在..

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button_email"
    android:layout_width="0dip"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="0.50"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:background="@drawable/ripple"
    android:text="@string/email" />

当我运行应用程序时，我得到一个ResourceNotFoundException。这是logcat跟踪。

07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Process: com.xx.xxx, PID: 15710
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #60: Error inflating class <unknown>
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:620)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:669)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:694)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:755)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:758)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:492)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:397)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:106)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:1)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:2915)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:2511)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager$RenderState.next(LinearLayoutManager.java:1425)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.fill(LinearLayoutManager.java:999)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.onLayoutChildren(LinearLayoutManager.java:524)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.dispatchLayout(RecyclerView.java:1461)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.onLayout(RecyclerView.java:1600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onLayout(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:374)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:1983)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:1740)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:996)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:5600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:761)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:574)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:544)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:747)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5001)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:785)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:601)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:594)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    ... 50 more
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: Resource is not a Drawable (color or path): TypedValue{t=0x1/d=0x7f020075 a=-1 r=0x

Answer 1

UPDATE Material Components:

使用Material Components Library可以很容易地应用波纹。
只使用MaterialButton和 app:rippleColor 属性:

<com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton
    app:rippleColor="@color/my_selector"
    ../>

使用这样的选择器:

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_pressed="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_focused="true" android:state_hovered="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_focused="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary" android:state_hovered="true"/>
  <item android:alpha="..." android:color="?attr/colorOnPrimary"/>
</selector>

---

旧答案
你可以这样做:

<Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:background="@drawable/ripple"
      
    />

ripple.xml所在位置:

<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                      android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">
        <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
            <shape android:shape="oval">
                <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
            </shape>
        </item>
 </ripple>

Answer 2

只需将?attr/selectableItemBackground放在API 21+按钮的背景中，如下所示:

<Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
        android:text="Button" />

Answer 3

对于lollipop(API>21)，将文件设置为btn_ripple_effect.xml，并放置在下面的代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="?android:colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">
    <item android:drawable="@color/cancel_btn_clr" /> <!-- default -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
        </shape>
    </item>
</ripple>

对于pre - lollipop (API<21)，在draw_v21文件夹中创建btn_ripple_effect.xml文件，并将下面的代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:state_pressed="true">
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/colorAccent"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>
    <item>
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/cancel_btn_clr"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>
</selector>

Answer 4

对上面的答案稍加补充:请注意，没有以任何方式使用遮罩颜色。

你也可以用ripple做更复杂的事情。例如，如果你想在你的波纹按钮上有一个边框，你可以像使用图层列表一样使用它。

<ripple
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">
    <!-- Note: <ripple> acts like a layer-list -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="oval">
            <!-- This color is not displayed in any way -->
            <solid android:color="@android:color/black" />
        </shape>
    </item>
    <!-- This is the border -->
    <item>
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <corners android:radius="3dp"/>
            <!-- Use your border color in place of #f00 -->
            <stroke android:width="1dp" android:color="#f00"/>
        </shape>
    </item>
 </ripple>

请注意，id为@android:id/mask的元素仅用于显示连锁反应将在何处停止。如果你想让它覆盖整个按钮，你可以把android:shape改成rectangle。你可以想象用它做更多有趣的事情!

还要确保有一个备份可绘制的设备，还没有21或应用程序会崩溃的旧设备。

Answer 5

在android:前台中使用这个最好的方法，因为它也允许你使用自己的背景。

android:前景= " ?android: attr/selectableItemBackground"

的例子:

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
    android:background="@color/button.normal"
    android:textColor="@color/white"/>

Answer 6

我正在研究涟漪效应，因为我想把它应用到我的应用程序中的几个按钮上，碰巧在你的帖子上发生了。虽然您的问题是寻找关于如何使用XML添加涟漪效应的答案，但实际上这是我试图避免的事情，因为在尝试添加该属性时，您看到它需要v21。

如果您的目标低于v21，那么扩展Button(或ImageButton等)的新类将避免编译器的投诉。

由于没有解释如何实现上面的自定义类，我想我将填写。你所需要做的就是创建新类，然后在XML文件中将"Button"更改为"the.package.name. mybutton "。

来自:

 <Button
    android:id="@+id/Button"     
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

:

 <the.package.name.MyButton
   android:id="@+id/Button"     
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

就是这样。现在你的按钮，当按下将有一个波纹包含在其范围内。

我喜欢这种方法，我只是希望波纹能扩展到边界。对于一个小按钮，这种涟漪效应确实突出了按钮的正方形或矩形。从视觉上看，如果波纹持续到它的整个半径，会更令人满意。

Answer 7

您可以将clickable添加为true, background或foreround添加为?attr/selectableItemBackground属性到视图:

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>

如果你的视图已经用background填充了一些东西，你可以用selectableItemBackground填充foreground

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:foreground="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>