字符串短语以空格结束



我正在编写一个简单的代码来了解更多关于字符串的信息。当我运行我的代码时,它不会打印我的姓氏。有人能解释一下原因吗?我使用字符串短语来存储它,它似乎只存储了我的名字。代码如下:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std; 
int main()
{
    cout << "Exercise 3B" << endl;
    cout << "Kaitlin Stevers" << endl;
    cout << "String arrays" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    char greeting[26];
    cout << "Please enter a greeting: " << endl;
    cin >> greeting;
    cout << "The greeting you entered was: " << greeting << endl;
    string phrase;
    cout << "Enter your full name " << endl;
    cin >> phrase;
    cout << greeting << ", how are you today " << phrase << "?" << endl;
    return 0;
}   

我使用字符串短语来存储它,它似乎只存储了我的名字。

有道理。

cin >> phrase;

在输入中遇到空白字符时,它将停止读取。

要读取全名,可以使用以下方法之一:

  1. 使用两次呼叫cin >>

    std::string first_name;
    std::string last_name;
    cin >> first_name >> last_name;
    
  2. 使用getline读取整行。getline将读取一行中的所有内容,包括空白字符。

    getline(cin, phrase);
    

当您调用cin >> phrase;时,它只读取字符串直到第一个非空格字符。如果您想在名称中包含空格,最好使用getline(cin,phrase);

重要:getline()将读取流缓冲区中的任何内容,直到第一个n。这意味着当您输入cin >> greeting;时,如果您按enter, getline()将读取n之前尚未读取的所有内容,这是您的phrase变量中的NOTHING,使其成为空字符串。一个简单的方法是调用getline()两次。例如

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std; 
int main()
{
    cout << "Exercise 3B" << endl;
    cout << "Kaitlin Stevers" << endl;
    cout << "String arrays" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    char greeting[26];
    cout << "Please enter a greeting: " << endl;
    cin >> greeting;  //IMPORTANT: THIS ASSUME THAT GREETING IS A SINGLE WORD (NO SPACES)
    cout << "The greeting you entered was: " << greeting << endl;
    string phrase;
    cout << "Enter your full name " << endl;
    string rubbish_to_be_ignored;
    getline(cin,rubbish_to_be_ignored); //this is going to read nothing
    getline(cin, phrase); // read the actual name (first name and all)
    cout << greeting << ", how are you today " << phrase << "?" << endl;
    return 0;
}  

假设您将该代码存储在文件stackoverflow.cpp中。示例运行:

Chip Chip@04:26:00:~ >>>  g++ stackoverflow.cpp -o a.out
Chip Chip@04:26:33:~ >>>  ./a.out
Exercise 3B
Kaitlin Stevers
String arrays

Please enter a greeting: 
Hello  
The greeting you entered was: Hello
Enter your full name 
Kaitlin Stevers
Hello, how are you today Kaitlin Stevers?

在ubuntu 14.04上测试

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