用于JSON API标准的Django Rest Framework方法

Question

我对Django Rest Framework还很陌生。我在文档中找不到允许我根据JSON API标准（jsonapi.org）序列化模型的东西

假设我有以下型号。

class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)

class Car(models.Model):
    owner = models.ForeignKey(Person)
    brand =  
    model = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    plate = models.CharField(max_length=200)

我想串行化它，它将为我提供以下输出：

{
    "data":[
        {
            "type": "Person",
            "id": 1,
            "attributes": {
                "name": "John",
            },
            "relationships": {
                "cars": [
                    {
                        "data": {
                            "type": "Car",
                            "id": 1,
                            "attributes": {
                                "brand": "Bugatti",
                                "model": "Veyron",
                                "plate": "PAD-305",
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        "data": {
                            "type": "Car",
                            "id": 2,
                            "attributes": {
                                "brand": "Bugatti",
                                "model": "Chiron",
                                "plate": "MAD-054",
                            },
                        },
                    },
                ],
            },
        },
        {
            "type": "Person",
            "id": 2,
            "attributes": {
                "name": "Charllot",
            },
            "relationships": {
                "cars": [
                    {
                        "data": {
                            "type": "Car",
                            "id": 3,
                            "attributes": {
                                "brand": "Volkswagen",
                                "model": "Passat CC",
                                "plate": "OIJ-210",
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        "data": {
                            "type": "Car",
                            "id": 4,
                            "attributes": {
                                "brand": "Audi",
                                "model": "A6",
                                "plate": "NAD-004",
                            },
                        },
                    },
                ],
            },
        }
    ],
    "meta":{
        "backend_runtime": "300ms", // processed at the view
    }
}

Answer 1

您可以创建序列化程序，以任何方式返回数据。例如，如果您想忽略确切的模型结构，可以执行以下

from rest_framework import serializers
class PersonSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    """
    Person/Car serializer
    """
    id = serializers.IntegerField(read_only=True)
    name = serializers.CharField()
    attributes = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_attributes(self, obj):
        return {"name": obj.name}

如果您想要一个更接近模型的序列化程序结构，可以使用以下方法关联模型序列化程序：

from rest_framework import serializers
class CarSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """Serializes car object"""    
    class Meta:
        model = Car
        fields = ('id', 'brand',)

class PersonSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """Serializes person and car relationship"""
    car = CarSerializer(read_only=True) 
    class Meta:
        model = Person
        fields = ('id', 'name', 'car',)

在这两种情况下，都会将查询集传递给包含这些字段的序列化程序（以及嵌套模型序列化程序中的现有关系）。

Answer 2

解析器和渲染器是允许您更改序列化程序响应的组件。请注意，已经有第三方使用Django REST框架实现了jsonapi：https://github.com/django-json-api/django-rest-framework-json-api

如果您正在寻找一些东西，请不要忘记查看Django REST框架第三方页面。