切换Capybara默认驱动程序后出现401个错误

我正在使用Capybara和RSpec为现有的Rails应用程序编制功能规范。默认情况下，水豚使用rack_test作为驱动程序，但我想使用水豚webkit。

我做了一个简单的测试来登录我的网站。使用rack_test我可以登录，并且我的log/test.log文件显示以下HTTP请求：

Completed 200 OK in 201ms (Views: 201.3ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)
Started POST "/users/sign_in" for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-12-01 10:20:33 -0600
Processing by Devise::SessionsController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "user"=>{"email"=>"foo@bar.com", "password"=>"[FILTERED]", "remember_me"=>"0"}, "commit"=>"Sign In"}
  User Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."email" = 'foo@bar.com'  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
   # There are a few more SQL queries here that I've removed
Redirected to http://www.example.com/
Completed 302 Found in 36ms (ActiveRecord: 2.3ms)
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-12-01 10:20:33 -0600
Processing by InitiativesController#blank as HTML

当我切换到webkit时（通过在spec_helper.rb中设置Capybara.default_driver :webkit），我在运行此测试时遇到问题。出于某种原因，我在日志中看到401个错误：

Completed 200 OK in 17ms (Views: 16.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)
Started POST "/users/sign_in" for 127.0.0.1 at 2015-12-01 10:21:31 -0600
Processing by Devise::SessionsController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"utf8"=>"✓", "user"=>{"email"=>"foo@bar.com", "password"=>"[FILTERED]", "remember_me"=>"0"}, "commit"=>"Sign In"}
  User Load (0.7ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users"  WHERE "users"."email" = 'foo@bar.com'  ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT 1
  # no other queries
Completed 401 Unauthorized in 5ms
Processing by Devise::SessionsController#new as HTML

因此，登录请求未被接受。是否有某种Capybara配置需要更改才能使此登录请求生效？我不知道是什么原因造成的。

我的spec_helper.rb看起来像这样：

require 'simplecov'
require 'webmock/rspec'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'fakeredis/rspec'
require 'site_prism'
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__)
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'rspec/autorun'
Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f }
Capybara.javascript_driver = :poltergeist
Capybara.default_driver = :webkit
Capybara.default_host = 'http://127.0.0.1:60400'
Capybara.server_port = 60400
ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending! if defined?(ActiveRecord::Migration)
Capybara::Webkit.configure do |config|
  config.block_unknown_urls
end
RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"
  config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false
  config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => [:controller, :acceptance]
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = false
  config.before(:suite) do
    DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  end
  config.before(:each) do |example|
    DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation 
    DatabaseCleaner.start
  end
  config.after(:each) do
    DatabaseCleaner.clean
  end
  config.order = "random"
  config.before(:all) do
    FactoryGirl.reload
  end
  config.before :each do
    Timecop.return
  end
  config.include Helpers
  config.include Helpers::MassAdsCreation
end
WebMock.disable_net_connect!(allow_localhost: true)

我认为您可能需要使用Warden::Test::Helpers，而不是此处所述的

请注意，它们还有一个专门的部分处理capybara-webkit。

401可能意味着密码与您登录时使用的电子邮件不匹配。由于它适用于rack_test，但不适用于capybara webkit，因此很可能您仍在使用基于事务的测试
当使用rack_test时，应用程序与测试在同一线程中运行，这意味着它们都使用相同的数据库连接。因此，您可以使用基于事务的测试，而不必为实际向数据库写入任何内容而支付性能损失。然而，当使用任何"真正的浏览器"驱动程序时，Capybara会在自己的线程中启动你的应用程序，这意味着测试和应用程序使用单独的数据库连接，因此你必须实际提交到数据库。这通常是通过在截断模式下使用database_cleaner来完成的。看见https://github.com/DatabaseCleaner/database_cleaner#rspec-以水豚为例

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