实例化子类 python



只是一个简单的类定义,其中包含显示继承的子类

import datetime
class LibaryItem:        #The base class definition
    def __init__(self, t, a, i):  # initialiser method
        self.__Title = t
        self.__Author_Artist = a
        self.__ItemID = i
        self.__OnLoan = False
        self.DueDate = datetime.date.today()
    def GetTitle(self):
        return(self.__Title)
# All other Get methods go here
    def Borrowing(self):
        self.__OnLoan = True
        self.__DueDate = self.__DueDate + datetime.timedelta(weeks = 3)
    def Returning(self):
        self.OnLoan = False
    def PrintDetails(self):
        print(self.__Title, '; ', self.__Author_Artist,'; ',end='') # end='' Appends a space instead of a newline
        print(self.__ItemID, '; ', self.__OnLoan,'; ', self.__DueDate)
class Book(LibaryItem):# A subclass definition
    def __init__(self, t, a, i):  # Initialiser method
        LibaryItem.__init__(self, t, a, i) 
        # This statement calls the constructor for the base class
        self.__IsRequested = False
        self.__RequestBy = 0
    def GetIsRequested(self):
        return(self.__IsRequested)
class CD(LibaryItem):
    def __init__(self, t, a, i): # Initialiser method
        LibaryItem.__init__(self, t, a, i)
        self.__Genre = ""
    def GetGenre(self):
        return(self.__Genre)
    def SetGenre(self, g):
        self.__Genre = g

实例化子类

ThisBook = Book('Title', 'Author', 'ItemID')
ThisCD = CD('Title', 'Author', 'ItemID')

这是我在这里的问题,我不明白为什么对象属性ThisBook没有从False默认值更改为True.

# Using A method
print(ThisBook.GetIsRequested())
ThisBook.IsRequested = True
print(ThisBook.GetIsRequested())

谢谢你为什么这不起作用的原因会有所帮助

你可能打算这样做

ThisBook.__IsRequested = True

由于名称混乱,您无法做到这一点。你可以写另一个二传手。

但是在你深入编写大量 getter 和 setter 之前,你应该意识到 pythonic 的方式是不使用它们。或者,如果需要其他逻辑,请使用@property修饰器。

class LibaryItem:
    def __init__(self, title, author, itemid):  # initialiser method
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.itemid = itemid
        self._onloan = False
        self.duedate = datetime.date.today()
    @property
    def onloan(self):
        return self._onloan
    @onloan.setter
    def onloan(self, value):
        if value:
            self.duedate += datetime.timedelta(weeks = 3)
        self._onloan = value
    def __str__(self):
        return "%s; %s; %s; %s; %s" % (self.title, self.author, self.itemid, self.onloan, self.duedate)
class Book(LibaryItem):
    def __init__(self, title, author, itemid):
        LibaryItem.__init__(self, title, author, itemid) 
        self.requested = False
        self.requestby = 0

然后

ThisBook = Book('Title', 'Author', 'ItemID')
print(ThisBook.requested)
ThisBook.requested = True
ThisBook.onloan = True
print(ThisBook.duedate)

您不能像这样访问带有 2 个下划线前缀的字段(请参阅对象名称前的单下划线和双下划线是什么意思?你需要写一个合适的二传手:

def SetIsRequested(self, val):
    self.__IsRequested = val

你正在经历的是动态语言的典型愚蠢。 可以在不声明的情况下设置类上的字段,解释器无法通过指出您刚刚在类中创建一个名为"IsRequest"的新字段来帮助您。 为您节省一些打字时间,但会花费您的解释器和 IDE 的能力,以防止您搞砸。

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