如果那么在 CUP



我正在用CUP构建语法,我在定义IF-THEN-ELSE语句时遇到了障碍。

我的代码看起来像这样:

start with statements;
/* Top level statements */
statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;
statement  ::= if_statement | block | while_statement | declaration | assignment ;
block        ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK ;
/* Control statements */
if_statement    ::= IF    expression THEN statement
                  | IF    expression THEN statement ELSE statement ;
while_statement ::= WHILE expression THEN statement ;

但是CUP工具抱怨if_statement定义的歧义。

我发现这篇文章描述了如何在不引入endif令牌的情况下消除歧义。

所以我尝试调整他们的解决方案:

start with statements;
statements ::= statement | statement SEPARATOR statements ;
statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | non_if_statement ;
then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 
// The statement vs then_statement is for disambiguation purposes
// Solution taken from http://goldparser.org/doc/grammars/example-if-then-else.htm
non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK  // code block
                   | WHILE expression statement        // while statement
                   | declaration | assignment ;

可悲的是,银联抱怨如下:

Warning : *** Reduce/Reduce conflict found in state #57
  between statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  and     then_statement ::= non_if_statement (*) 
  under symbols: {ELSE}
  Resolved in favor of the first production. 

为什么这不起作用?我该如何解决?

这里的问题是if语句和while语句之间的交互,如果从non-if-statement中删除while语句生成,您可以看到这一点。

问题在于,while语句的目标可以是if语句,并且该语句while可以在另一个if语句的then子句中:

IF expression THEN WHILE expression IF expression THEN statement ELSE ...

现在我们对原始问题的表现略有不同:末尾的else可能是嵌套if或外部if的一部分。

解决方案是扩展受限语句(链接术语中的"then-statement"(之间的区别,以包括两种不同类型的while语句:

statement  ::= IF expression THEN statement
             | IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE statement 
             | WHILE expression statement
             | non_if_statement ;
then_statement ::= IF expression THEN then_statement ELSE then_statement
                 | WHILE expression then_statement
                 | non_if_statement ; 
non_if_statement ::= START_BLOCK statements END_BLOCK
                   | declaration | assignment ;

当然,如果您扩展语法以包含其他类型的复合语句(例如for循环(,则必须对它们中的每一个执行相同的操作。

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