为什么 Python Scrapy 显示"twisted.internet.error.TimeoutError"错误

Question

>我正在尝试使用python scrapy报废页面。经过一些报废操作后，刮擦正在退出显示

twisted.internet.error.TimeoutError error

这是我的代码：

#infobel_spider.py
from scrapy.spider import BaseSpider
from scrapy.selector import HtmlXPathSelector
from scrapy.http.request import Request
from scrapy.http import FormRequest
from infobel.items import InfobelItem
import sys
import xlwt
import re
import codecs    
class InfobelSpider(BaseSpider):
    name = 'infobel'
    start_urls = ['http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories']
    def parse(self,response):
        hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)
        next_page = hxs.select("//a[@id='Pagination1_lnkNextRec']/@href").extract()
        if not not next_page:
             yield Request("http://www.infobel.com"+next_page[0],self.parse)
        qs = hxs.select("//div[@class='result-item clearfix']")
        items = []
        for q in qs:
            item = InfobelItem()
            item['name'] = q.select('div/div/h2/a/span/text()').extract()
            item['address'] = q.select('div/div/ul/li[1]/div/span/text()').extract()
            item['phone'] = q.select('div/div/ul/li[2]/div/text()').extract()
            item['email'] = q.select('div/div/ul/li[3]/div/a/text()').extract()
            item['website'] = q.select('div/div/ul/li[4]/div/a/@href').extract()
            item['category'] = q.select("div/div[@class='categories']/div/ul/li/text()").extract()
            items.append(item)
        for item in items:
            yield item
#items.py    
from scrapy.item import Item, Field
class InfobelItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    name = Field()
    address = Field()
    phone = Field()
    email = Field()
    category = Field()
    website = Field()
#middlewares.py    
import base64
import random
from settings import PROXIES
class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
        else:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
#pipelines.py
from scrapy.contrib.loader import ItemLoader
from scrapy.contrib.loader.processor import TakeFirst, MapCompose, Join
import re
import json
import csv
class InfobelPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = csv.writer(open('items.csv','wb'))
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        name = item['name']
        address = item['address']
        phone = item['phone']
        email = item['email']
        category = item['category']
        website = item['website']
        self.file.writerow((name,address,phone,email,category,website))
        return item
#settings.py    
BOT_NAME = 'infobel'
BOT_VERSION = '1.0'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['infobel.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'infobel.spiders'
DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS = 'infobel.items.InfobelItem'
USER_AGENT = '%s/%s' % (BOT_NAME, BOT_VERSION)
ITEM_PIPELINES = ['infobel.pipelines.InfobelPipeline']
PROXIES = [{'ip_port': '41.43.31.226:8080', 'user_pass': ''},
           {'ip_port': '64.120.226.94:8080', 'user_pass': ''},
           {'ip_port': '196.2.73.246:3128', 'user_pass': ''},]
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
    'infobel.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 100,
}

这是输出：

[infobel] INFO: Passed InfobelItem(website=[u'track.aspx?id=0&url=http://www.bbmodena.it'], category=[u'TELEVISION, VIDEO AND HI-FI EMERGENCY BREAKDOWN SERVICES, REPAIRS AND SPARE PARTS'], name=[u'B & B (S.R.L.) (RIP.TVC VIDEO HI-FI)'], phone=[u'059254545'], address=[u'V. MALAVOLTIxa047', u'41100', u'MODENA'], email=[u'[e-mail]'])
[infobel] DEBUG: Scraped InfobelItem(website=[u'track.aspx?id=0&url=http://sitoinlavorazione.seat.it/boninispa'], category=[u'AUTOMOBILE AGENTS, DEALERS AND DEALERSHIPS'], name=[u'BONINI (S.P.A.) (CONCESSIONARIA RENAULT)'], phone=[u'035310333'], address=[u'V. S. BERNARDINOxa0151', u'24126', u'BERGAMO'], email=[u'[e-mail]']) in <http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories>
[infobel] INFO: Passed InfobelItem(website=[u'track.aspx?id=0&url=http://sitoinlavorazione.seat.it/boninispa'], category=[u'AUTOMOBILE AGENTS, DEALERS AND DEALERSHIPS'], name=[u'BONINI (S.P.A.) (CONCESSIONARIA RENAULT)'], phone=[u'035310333'], address=[u'V. S. BERNARDINOxa0151', u'24126', u'BERGAMO'], email=[u'[e-mail]'])
[infobel] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories/10> (failed 1 times): 200 OK
[infobel] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories/10> (failed 2 times): 200 OK
[infobel] DEBUG: Discarding <GET http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories/10> (failed 3 times): User timeout caused connection failure.
[infobel] ERROR: Error downloading <http://www.infobel.com/en/italy/business/20300/accessories/10>: [Failure instance: Traceback (failure with no frames): <class 'twisted.internet.error.TimeoutError'>: User timeout caused connection failure.
[infobel] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
[infobel] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

Answer 1

我发现这个问题有同样的问题。询问的用户已经自己解决了这个问题，我在这里发布它，所以它更明显：

设置从站点下载页面之间的延迟有助于解决由于请求过于频繁而导致的超时错误。这是通过项目 settings.py 文件中的 DOWNLOAD_DELAY 参数完成的。

Scrapy 文档是这样说的：

下载程序应等待的时间量(以秒为单位(从同一网站下载连续页面。这可以使用以限制爬网速度，以避免对服务器造成太大打击。支持十进制数字。例：

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25 # 250 ms 延迟

从评论更新

除了DOWNLOAD_DELAY之外，如果RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY设置参数为 True，则 Scrapy 将对延迟进行采样，采样系数为 DOWNLOAD_DELAY的 0.5 到 1.5。他们的文档添加了

这种随机化降低了爬虫被检测到的机会(并随后被分析查找的请求的网站阻止(在他们之间的时间上具有统计学意义的相似性请求。

请注意，默认情况下RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY为 True。