我一直在尝试在后端使用SQLAlchemy获得一个合适大小的项目。我有跨多个文件的表模型,在自己的文件中有一个声明性基,还有一个包装常见SQLAlchemy函数的帮助文件和驱动程序文件。
我正在上传数据,然后决定添加一列。由于这只是测试数据,我认为最简单的方法是删除所有表并重新开始。然后,当我试图重新创建模式和表时,公共声明性基类突然拥有空元数据。我通过导入类声明文件解决了这个问题——很奇怪,因为我以前不需要这些导入——并且它能够成功地重新创建模式。
但是现在当我尝试再次创建对象时,我得到一个错误:
AttributeError: mapper
现在我完全糊涂了!有人能解释一下这是怎么回事吗?在我删除模式之前,它工作得很好,现在我无法使它工作。
这是我设置的框架:
base.py
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
models1.py
from base import Base
class Business(Base):
__tablename__ = 'business'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
models2.py:
from base import Base
class Category(Base):
__tablename__ = 'category'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
helper.py:
from base import Base
# I didn't need these two imports the first time I made the schema
# I added them after I was just getting an empty schema from base.Base
# but have no idea why they're needed now?
import models1
import models2
def setupDB():
engine = getDBEngine(echo=True) # also a wrapped func (omitted for space)
#instantiate the schema
try:
Base.metadata.create_all(engine, checkfirst=True)
logger.info("Successfully instantiated Database with model schema")
except:
logger.error("Failed to instantieate Database with model schema")
traceback.print_exc()
def dropAllTables():
engine = getDBEngine(echo=True)
# drop the schema
try:
Base.metadata.reflect(engine, extend_existing=True)
Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
logger.info("Successfully dropped all the database tables in the schema")
except:
logger.error("Failed to drop all tables")
traceback.print_exc()
driver.py:
import models1
import models2
# ^ some code to get to this point
categories []
categories.append(
models2.Category(alias=category['alias'],
title=category['title']) # error occurs here
)
堆栈跟踪:(为了完整性)
File "./main.py", line 16, in <module>
yelp.updateDBFromYelpFeed(fname)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/Development/projects/health/pyhealth/pyhealth/data/sources/yelp.py", line 188, in updateDBFromYelpFeed
title=category['title'])
File "<string>", line 2, in __init__
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/instrumentation.py", line 347, in _new_state_if_none
state = self._state_constructor(instance, self)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 747, in __get__
obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = result = self.fget(obj)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/instrumentation.py", line 177, in _state_constructor
self.dispatch.first_init(self, self.class_)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/event/attr.py", line 256, in __call__
fn(*args, **kw)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 2825, in _event_on_first_init
configure_mappers()
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 2721, in configure_mappers
mapper._post_configure_properties()
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 1710, in _post_configure_properties
prop.init()
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/interfaces.py", line 183, in init
self.do_init()
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/relationships.py", line 1616, in do_init
self._process_dependent_arguments()
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/relationships.py", line 1673, in _process_dependent_arguments
self.target = self.mapper.mapped_table
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 833, in __getattr__
return self._fallback_getattr(key)
File "/Users/thomaseffland/.virtualenvs/health/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 811, in _fallback_getattr
raise AttributeError(key)
AttributeError: mapper
我知道这篇文章很长,但我想给你一个完整的画面。首先,我很困惑为什么base.Base
模式一开始是空的。现在我很困惑为什么类别对象缺少映射器!
任何帮助/见解/建议是非常感激的,谢谢!
编辑:所以模型文件和helper.py
在一个包中,driver.py
实际上是兄弟子包中的一个文件,它的代码被包装在一个函数中。这个驱动程序函数由包级主文件调用。所以我认为不可能是因为SQLAlchemy没有时间初始化?(如果我理解正确的话)下面是主文件的(相关部分):
main.py:
import models.helper as helper
helper.setupDB(echo=true) # SQLAlchemy echos the correct statements
import driverpackage.driver as driver
driver.updateDBFromFile(fname) # error occurs in here
和driver.py实际上看起来像
import ..models.models1
import ..models.models2
def updateDBFromFile(fname):
# ^ some code to get to this point
categories []
categories.append(
models2.Category(alias=category['alias'],
title=category['title']) # error occurs here
)
# a bunch more code
编辑2:我开始怀疑潜在的问题与我突然需要导入所有模型以在helper.py
中设置模式的原因相同。如果我打印导入的模型对象的表,它们没有绑定元数据或模式:
print YelpCategory.__dict__['__table__'].__dict__
####
{'schema': None, '_columns': <sqlalchemy.sql.base.ColumnCollection object at 0x102312ef0>,
'name': 'yelp_category', 'description': 'yelp_category',
'dispatch': <sqlalchemy.event.base.DDLEventsDispatch object at 0x10230caf0>,
'indexes': set([]), 'foreign_keys': set([]),
'columns': <sqlalchemy.sql.base.ImmutableColumnCollection object at 0x10230fc58>,
'_prefixes': [],
'_extra_dependencies': set([]),
'fullname': 'yelp_category', 'metadata': MetaData(bind=None),
'implicit_returning': True,
'constraints': set([PrimaryKeyConstraint(Column('id', Integer(), table=<yelp_category>, primary_key=True, nullable=False))]), 'primary_key': PrimaryKeyConstraint(Column('id', Integer(), table=<yelp_category>, primary_key=True, nullable=False))}
我想知道为什么创建数据库的基础元数据没有被绑定?
我猜错误发生是因为你在Python模块级执行代码。该代码在Python导入模块时执行。
-
把你的代码移到一个函数
-
在SQLAlchemy正确初始化后调用函数
-
create_all()
只需要在安装应用程序时调用一次,因为创建的表在数据库中是持久的 -
您需要
DBSession.configure(bind=engine)
或相关,这将告诉模型与哪个数据库连接相关。
这个问题似乎已经消失了,所以我将发布我的工作。这很简单。我重构了代码以显式地提供类和经典映射器,而不是使用声明性基,然后一切又正常工作了…