按照django项目的教程，我试着让urls.py用下面的url模式过滤掉没有选择的投票。
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$',
ListView.as_view(
queryset=Poll.objects.filter(choice__choice_text__isnull=False)
.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now)
.order_by('-pub_date')[:5],
context_object_name='latest_polls',
template_name='polls/index.html'),
name='index'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>d+)/$',
DetailView.as_view(
queryset=Poll.objects.filter(choice__choice_text__isnull=False)
.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now),
model=Poll,
template_name='polls/detail.html'),
name='detail'),
url(r'^(?P<pk>d+)/results/$',
DetailView.as_view(
queryset=Poll.objects.filter(choice__choice_text__isnull=False)
.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now),
model=Poll,
template_name='polls/results.html'),
name='results'),
url(r'^(?P<poll_id>d+)/vote/$', 'polls.views.vote', name='vote'),
)
但是，当我运行教程中的测试时，每个创建past_poll的测试都会出现断言错误，类似于下面的错误。
AssertionError: Lists differ: [] != ['<Poll: Past poll.>']
Second list contains 1 additional elements.
First extra element 0:
<Poll: Past poll.>
- []
+ ['<Poll: Past poll.>']
在我更改查询集以过滤掉所有没有选择的投票之前，测试没有失败。我已经在shell中测试了过滤器，它可以工作，并且在django服务器上运行应用程序似乎也没有任何问题。出了什么问题?
下面是我使用的test .py文件import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.test import TestCase
from polls.models import Poll
def create_poll(question, days):
"""
Creates a poll with the given `question` published the given number of
`days` offset to now (negative for polls published in the past,
positive for polls that have yet to be published).
"""
return Poll.objects.create(question=question,
pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days))
class PollIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
def test_detail_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the future should
return a 404 not found.
"""
future_poll = create_poll(question='Future poll.', days=5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_poll.id,)))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
def test_detail_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the past should display
the poll's question.
"""
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_poll.id,)))
self.assertContains(response, past_poll.question, status_code=200)
class PollIndexResultsTests(TestCase):
def test_results_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
The results view of a poll with a pub_date in the future should
return a 404 not found.
"""
future_poll = create_poll(question='Future poll.', days=5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:results', args=(future_poll.id,)))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
def test_results_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
The results view of a poll with a pub_date in the past should display
the poll's question.
"""
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:results', args=(past_poll.id,)))
self.assertContains(response, past_poll.question, status_code=200)
class PollViewTests(TestCase):
def test_index_view_with_no_polls(self):
"""
If no polls exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_polls'], [])
def test_index_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_polls'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_polls'], [])
def test_index_view_with_future_poll_and_past_poll(self):
"""
Even if both past and future polls exist, only past polls should be
displayed.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_polls'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_two_past_polls(self):
"""
The polls index page may display multiple polls.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll 1.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Past poll 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_polls'],
['<Poll: Past poll 2.>', '<Poll: Past poll 1.>']
)
class PollMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose
pub_date is in the future
"""
future_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(future_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose pub_date
is older than 1 day
"""
old_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(old_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for polls whose pub_date
is within the last day
"""
recent_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
self.assertEqual(recent_poll.was_published_recently(), True)
我认为问题是，在测试中，你创建了一个全新的民意调查，没有任何选择。在细节视图中，你过滤掉了民意调查。所以它没有返回任何东西，所以测试失败。
您还可以为刚刚在past_test上创建的民意调查创建一些选项，以便该民意调查通过过滤。
类似:
...
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
past_poll.choice_set.create(choice_text='Choice 1', votes=0)
past_poll.choice_set.create(choice_text='Choice 2', votes=0)
...