为什么这个简单的Linux C程序在运行时加载.so会崩溃



我正在尝试编写最小的程序,在运行时也加载我的共享对象(.so)。

不幸的是,尽管进行了错误检查,它还是在运行时挂起:-(

我对我在源代码级别上忽略的内容非常感兴趣。

下面是源代码和运行程序的shell会话。

文件"libsample.c":

#include <stdio.h>
void sample_check(void)
{
    printf("INFO: Function sample_check() called.n");
}

文件"test.c":

#include <stdio.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
typedef void (*sample_func_t) (void);
int main(void)
{
    setbuf(stdout, NULL);
    setbuf(stderr, NULL);
    void* h_lib = dlopen("./libsample.so.1", RTLD_LAZY); // RTLD_LAZY || RTLD_NOW
    if (! h_lib)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR(%d): %sn", __LINE__, dlerror());
        return 1;
    }
    sample_func_t* symver = NULL;
    dlerror();
    symver = dlsym(h_lib, "sample_check");
    char* reter = dlerror();
    if (reter)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR(%d): %sn", __LINE__, reter);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("INFO(%d): Resolved library sample_check() symbol at %pn", __LINE__, symver);
    printf("INFO(%d): About to call library sample_check() ...n", __LINE__);
    (*symver)();
    printf("INFO(%d): sample_check() called !n", __LINE__);
    int retcl = dlclose(h_lib);
    if (retcl)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR(%d): %sn", __LINE__, dlerror());
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

文件"构建":

#! /bin/bash
echo "Begin of compilation ..."
rm test test.o libsample.so.1 libsample.so.1.0.1 libsample.o 2>/dev/null
gcc -fpic -c -o libsample.o libsample.c || exit 1
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libsample.so.1 -o libsample.so.1.0.1 libsample.o || exit 1
ln -s libsample.so.1.0.1 libsample.so.1 || exit 1
gcc -c -o test.o test.c || exit 1
gcc -o test test.o -ldl || exit 1
echo "Compilation successful !"

我的shell会话日志:

valentin@valentin-SATELLITE-L875-10G:~/PROGRAMMING/C/Libraries/libsample$ 
valentin@valentin-SATELLITE-L875-10G:~/PROGRAMMING/C/Libraries/libsample$ ./build 
Begin of compilation ...
Compilation successful !
valentin@valentin-SATELLITE-L875-10G:~/PROGRAMMING/C/Libraries/libsample$ ./test 
INFO(27): Resolved library sample_check() symbol at 0x7f5e96df86f0
INFO(28): About to call library sample_check() ...
Erreur de segmentation
valentin@valentin-SATELLITE-L875-10G:~/PROGRAMMING/C/Libraries/libsample$ 

知道吗?

此处为

 (*symver)();

代码取消引用已接收到的内容作为要运行库函数的入口点。这解析为一个随机地址,当被调用时,该地址通常会使程序崩溃。

要解决此问题,请定义

sample_func_t symver = NULL;

其中samle_func_t由于已经是指针类型

typedef void (*sample_func_t) (void);

(注意*.)

然后有两种可能分配symver:

  1. ";脏的";一个

     symver = dlsym(h_lib, "sample_check");
    

    "脏的";因为编译器可能会发出这样的警告:

     ISO C forbids assignment between function pointer and ‘void *’
    
  2. ";"清洁剂";一个

     *(void**)(&symver) = dlsym(h_lib, "sample_check");
    

最后调用这样的函数:

symver(); /* No need to dereference here. */

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