sklearn:如何加速矢量器(例如Tfidfvectorizer)

Question

在彻底分析了我的程序之后，我已经能够确定它被矢量器拖慢了。

我正在处理文本数据，两行简单的tfidf unigram矢量化占用了代码执行总时间的99.2%。

下面是一个可运行的示例（这将把一个3mb的训练文件下载到你的磁盘上，省略urllib部分在你自己的示例上运行）：

#####################################
# Loading Data
#####################################
import urllib
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
import nltk.stem  
raw = urllib.urlopen("https://s3.amazonaws.com/hr-testcases/597/assets/trainingdata.txt").read()
file = open("to_delete.txt","w").write(raw)
###
def extract_training():
    f = open("to_delete.txt")
    N = int(f.readline())
    X = []
    y = []
    for i in xrange(N):
        line  = f.readline()
        label,text =  int(line[0]), line[2:]
        X.append(text)
        y.append(label)
    return X,y
X_train, y_train =  extract_training()    
#############################################
# Extending Tfidf to have only stemmed features
#############################################
english_stemmer = nltk.stem.SnowballStemmer('english')
class StemmedTfidfVectorizer(TfidfVectorizer):
    def build_analyzer(self):
        analyzer = super(TfidfVectorizer, self).build_analyzer()
        return lambda doc: (english_stemmer.stem(w) for w in analyzer(doc))
tfidf = StemmedTfidfVectorizer(min_df=1, stop_words='english', analyzer='word', ngram_range=(1,1))
#############################################
# Line below takes 6-7 seconds on my machine
#############################################
Xv = tfidf.fit_transform(X_train) 

我尝试将列表X_train转换为np.array，但性能没有差异。

Answer 1

不出所料，NLTK的速度很慢：

>>> tfidf = StemmedTfidfVectorizer(min_df=1, stop_words='english', analyzer='word', ngram_range=(1,1))
>>> %timeit tfidf.fit_transform(X_train)
1 loops, best of 3: 4.89 s per loop
>>> tfidf = TfidfVectorizer(min_df=1, stop_words='english', analyzer='word', ngram_range=(1,1))
>>> %timeit tfidf.fit_transform(X_train)
1 loops, best of 3: 415 ms per loop

您可以通过使用Snowball stemmer的智能实现来加快速度，例如PyStemmer:

>>> import Stemmer
>>> english_stemmer = Stemmer.Stemmer('en')
>>> class StemmedTfidfVectorizer(TfidfVectorizer):
...     def build_analyzer(self):
...         analyzer = super(TfidfVectorizer, self).build_analyzer()
...         return lambda doc: english_stemmer.stemWords(analyzer(doc))
...     
>>> tfidf = StemmedTfidfVectorizer(min_df=1, stop_words='english', analyzer='word', ngram_range=(1,1))
>>> %timeit tfidf.fit_transform(X_train)
1 loops, best of 3: 650 ms per loop

NLTK是一个教学工具包。它的设计速度很慢，因为它经过了可读性优化。