我想知道是否可以在C中使用通用函数来使用通用函数(我不想在C 中这样做,但在C(示例中:
struct first_struct
{
struct first_struct *next;
int a;
int b;
};
struct second_struct
{
struct second_struct *next;
int a;
int b;
int c; // just one more variable than first-struct
};
我强迫每次为两个列表发挥功能:
add_node(struct first_struct *mystruct)// doesn't matter the function here juste let's assume they add correctly a node
add_node1(struct second_struct *mystruct)
//and so on each time i want to make some others function always make them twice
还是有更好的方法?
更好的方法是抽象链接处理(将结构变成列表节点的原因(,然后通过使用节点结构启动每个可列出的结构来重复使用。
喜欢:
struct list_node {
struct list_node *next;
};
struct first_struct {
struct list_node list_node;
int a;
int b;
};
struct second_struct {
struct list_node list_node;
int a;
int b;
int c;
};
然后制作列表函数,以(指向(struct list_node
。
这通常称为"侵入性列表",因为它要求应用程序级数据结构"知道"可以将其放入列表中。这也意味着一个结构的实例一次只能在一个列表上。
另一种方法是制作一个仅处理数据指针的列表库(void *
(,该库删除了限制,但会带来其他库(更大的分配,当数据很小时会烦人(。
就个人而言,我实现了一个通用链接列表:它通过提供一个函数来比较两个节点,以及一个可选的函数来销毁节点(免费字符串,关闭文件等(。
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
typedef struct link {
void *data;
struct link *previous;
struct link *next;
} link_s;
typedef struct list {
link_s *head;
link_s *tail;
size_t nbLink;
/* function pointer */
int (*Data_Compare)(const void *data1, const void *data2);
void (*Data_Destructor)(void *data);
} list_s;
#define LIST_CONSTRUCTOR(f_compar, f_destructor) {.head = NULL,
.tail = NULL,
.nbLink = 0,
.Data_Compare = f_compar,
.Data_Destructor = f_destructor}
void List_Constructor(list_s *self, int (*Data_Compare)(const void *data1, const void *data2), void (*Data_Destructor)(void *data));
void List_Destructor(list_s *self);
bool List_Add(list_s *self, void *data);
void *List_RemoveByLink(list_s *self, link_s *link);
void *List_RemoveByData(list_s *self, void *data);
void *List_RemoveByCondition(list_s *self, bool (*Data_Condition)(const void *data));
void List_DestroyByLink(list_s *self, link_s *link);
void List_DestroyByData(list_s *self, void *data);
void List_DestroyByCondition(list_s *self, bool (*Data_Condition)(const void *data));
void List_Sort(list_s *self);
void List_Merge(list_s *to, list_s *from);
void List_Reverse(list_s *self);
这样,您可以将您想要的任何内容添加到列表中。只要小心才能具有先进的比较功能并破坏功能。
您可以使用结构中的空隙指针实现相当容易的通用链接列表。
这是我创建的此类列表的示例:
list.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "list.h"
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void listNew(list* list, unsigned int elementSize, freeMemory freeFn,
printList print) {
list->numOfElem = 0;
list->freeFn = freeFn;
list->pr = print;
list->head = NULL;
list->sizeOfElem = elementSize;
}
node * listPushFront(list *list, void* data) {
node *listNode = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
if (listNode == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
listNode->object = malloc(sizeof(list->sizeOfElem));
if (listNode->object == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
memcpy(listNode->object, data, list->sizeOfElem);
listNode->pNext = list->head;
list->head = listNode;
list->numOfElem++;
return listNode;
}
void listDestroy(list *list)
{
node *current;
while (list->head != NULL) {
current = list->head;
list->head = current->pNext;
if (list->freeFn) {
list->freeFn(current->object);
}
free(current->object);
free(current);
}
}
void listPrint(list *l) {
node* temp = l->head;
int i = 0;
if (temp == NULL) {
printf("nEmpty list.");
return;
}
while (temp) {
printf("nPrint element %d", i);
l->pr(temp->object);
temp = temp->pNext;
i++;
}
}
list.h
#ifndef __LIST_H
#define __LIST_H
typedef void(*freeMemory)(void*);
typedef void(*printList)(void*);
typedef struct _node {
void* object;
struct _node* pNext;
}node;
typedef struct _list {
unsigned int sizeOfElem;
unsigned int numOfElem;
node* head;
freeMemory freeFn;
printList pr;
}list;
void listNew(list* list, unsigned int elementSize, freeMemory freeFn,
printList print);
node * listPushFront(list *list, void* data);
void listDestroy(list *list);
void listPrint(list *l);
#endif
main.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "list.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct _TLV {
unsigned int tag;
unsigned int length;
unsigned char* value;
}TLV;
void listFree(void* data) {
TLV** ptr = (TLV**)data;
free((*ptr)->value);
}
void Print(void* data) {
TLV** ptr = (TLV**)data;
printf("nTag = %d", (*ptr)->tag);
printf("nLength = %d", (*ptr)->length);
printf("nValue = ");
for (int i = 0; i < (*ptr)->length; i++) {
printf("%d", (*ptr)->value[i]);
}
}
TLV* allocateTLV(unsigned int tag, unsigned int length, unsigned char*
value) {
TLV* elem = (TLV*)malloc(sizeof(TLV));
if (elem == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
elem->tag = tag;
elem->length = length;
elem->value = (unsigned char*)malloc(length);
if (value == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
memcpy(elem->value, value, length);
return elem;
}
int main()
{
list l;
TLV* tag;
unsigned char test2[2] = { 1,2 };
unsigned char test3[3] = { 1,2,3 };
unsigned char test4[4] = { 1,2,3,4};
listNew(&l, sizeof(TLV*), listFree, Print);
tag = allocateTLV(2, sizeof(test2), test2);
if (tag != NULL) {
listPushFront(&l, &tag);
}
tag = allocateTLV(3, sizeof(test3), test3);
if (tag != NULL) {
listPushFront(&l, &tag);
}
tag = allocateTLV(4, sizeof(test4), test4);
if (tag != NULL) {
listPushFront(&l, &tag);
}
listPrint(&l);
listDestroy(&l);
return 0;
}
main.c是创建指针列表tlv。
您可以使用C
的两个功能,即void
指针和功能指针。
后者(函数指针(对于构建链接列表并不重要,但是如果您想对链接列表的数据(例如打印(做有用的事情,这一点至关重要。
。这是一个完整的工作示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct node {
void *data;
struct node *next;
} node;
int lst_nodeAdd(
node **head,
node **tail,
const void *data,
size_t szData);
void lst_nodePrint(
node *head,
void(*print)(const void *));
void lst_nodeFree(node *head);
/* PRINTING FUNCTIONS */
void print_int(const void *a);
void print_string(const void *str);
int main(void)
{
const char *str[] = {
"0x0001",
"0x0002",
"0x0003",
};
// head & tail
node *head = NULL;
node *tail = NULL;
// List of strings
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, str[0], strlen(str[0]) + 1);
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, str[1], strlen(str[1]) + 1);
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, str[2], strlen(str[2]) + 1);
lst_nodePrint(head, print_string);
lst_nodeFree(head);
head = NULL;
tail = NULL;
//....................................................
// List of ints
int int_array[] = {
0,
1,
2,
};
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, &int_array[0], sizeof(int));
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, &int_array[1], sizeof(int));
lst_nodeAdd(&head, &tail, &int_array[2], sizeof(int));
lst_nodePrint(head, print_int);
lst_nodeFree(head);
head = NULL;
tail = NULL;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
int lst_nodeAdd(
node **head,
node **tail,
const void *data,
size_t szData)
{
void *tmp;
tmp = malloc(sizeof(node));
if (!tmp)
{
return 0;
}
((node *)tmp)->next = NULL;
((node *)tmp)->data = malloc(szData);
if (!((node *)tmp)->data)
{
free(tmp);
return 0;
}
memcpy(((node *)tmp)->data, data, szData);
if (!*head)
{
*head = (node *)tmp;
}
else
{
(*tail)->next = (node *)tmp;
}
*tail = (node *)tmp;
return 1;
}
void lst_nodePrint(
node *head,
void(*print)(const void *))
{
while (head)
{
print(head->data);
head = head->next;
}
}
void lst_nodeFree(node *head)
{
node *tmp = head;
while (head)
{
head = head->next;
free(tmp->data);
free(tmp);
tmp = head;
}
}
void print_int(const void *a)
{
printf("%dn", *(const int *)a);
}
void print_string(const void *str)
{
puts((const char *)str);
}