如何通过自动布线服务在弹簧启动时测试控制器层?

Question

我正在尝试在我的API中测试控制器的功能。我已经实现了以下名为ExpertsServiceImpl.java的服务：

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ExpertsServiceImpl implements ExpertsService{
private final ExpertRepository repository;

@Override
public Experts createExpert(Experts expert) {
return repository.save(expert);
}
@Override
public void deleteExpert(ObjectId id) {
Experts deleted = findExpertById(id);
if(deleted == null) {
throw new ExpertNotFoundException(id);
}
repository.delete(deleted);
}
public Experts findExpertById(ObjectId id) {
Optional<Experts> searchedExpert = repository.findById(id);
if(searchedExpert.get() == null) {
throw new ExpertNotFoundException(id);
}
return searchedExpert.get();
}

这是我MongoDB存储库：

public interface ExpertRepository extends MongoRepository<Experts, ObjectId>{
}

这是我的控制器类：

@RestController
@Validated
class ExpertController {
public final ExpertsService service;
public ExpertController(ExpertsService service) {
this.service = service;
}

@PostMapping(path = "/experts/",
consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE},
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE}
)
public Experts newExpert(@Valid @RequestBody Experts newExpert) {
return service.createExpert(newExpert);

}
@DeleteMapping("/experts/{id}")
public void deleteBook(@PathVariable  ObjectId id) throws Throwable {
service.deleteExpert(id);
}

我正在为我的控制器编写以下测试类：

@ActiveProfiles("test")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(controllers = ExpertController.class)
class ExpertControllerTest {
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Autowired
private ExpertsService expertsService;
@MockBean
private ExpertRepository repository;
Experts demoExpert = new Experts(ObjectId.get(),"Steve Jobs", "Enterpreneur",
Availability.BUSY, Language.CHINESE);
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception{
expertsService.deleteAll();
expertsService.createExpert(demoExpert);
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception{
expertsService.deleteAll();
}

@Test
public void deleteExpert() throws Exception {
String expertId = demoExpert.getId();
this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders
.delete("/experts/{id}", expertId)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
}

这会引发此错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.postProcessFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:95)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.injectFields(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:79)
at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(MockitoTestExecutionListener.java:54)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:342)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:337)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:177)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1654)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312)

有谁知道我如何解决这个问题？我想这与我正在自动连接服务和模拟存储库的事实有关，但不确定如何解决这个问题。我想自动连接服务，因为嘲笑它对我的测试没有多大意义。有人知道我该怎么做吗？我感谢任何帮助

Answer 1

WebMvcTest只初始化控制器层，因此不会创建和注入所有服务/存储库 bean。在您的情况下，问题是

@Autowired
private ExpertsService expertsService;

替换为

@MockBean
private ExpertsService expertsService;

现在，您已经为服务提供了模拟，您可以专注于仅测试控制器逻辑。

Answer 2

如果您不想模拟服务，可以在测试类之上添加@Import(ExpertsServiceImpl.class)或使用上述@SpringBootTest(但在这种情况下，它将加载整个应用程序，这在性能方面并不是很好(