用于生成结构以填充树的查询或算法(C#、LINQ)

Question

我找不到或想出一个通用而优雅的算法来让我填充树状结构。最简单的例子是博客存档：我有一堆记录，可以按日期选择和排序。我想要一棵树，其中年份可能是顶级的，月份是下一个级别，实际的帖子标题又是下一个。

到目前为止，我已经提出了一个天真的直接实现，但我相信可以使用 LINQ 等进行改进。在这里，我只是按日期对记录进行排序，并迭代检查年份或月份是否已更改，并相应地添加树节点。"BlogEntry"是一个同时引用父级和子级的类，后来用于生成HTML。

我欢迎有关改进算法的建议！

IEnumerable<Post> posts = db.Posts.OrderBy(p => p.DateCreated);
var topPost = posts.First();
int curYear = topPost.DateCreated.Year;
int curMonth = topPost.DateCreated.Month;
//create first "year-level" item
var topYear = new BlogEntry { Name = topPost.DateCreated.Year.ToString().ToLink(string.Empty) };
entries.Add(topYear);
var currentYear = topYear;
var topMonth = new BlogEntry { Name = topPost.DateCreated.ToString("MMMM").ToLink(string.Empty), Parent = currentYear };
currentYear.Children.Add(topMonth);
var currentMonth = topMonth;
foreach (var post in posts)
{
    if(post.DateCreated.Year == curYear)
    {
        if (post.DateCreated.Month != curMonth)
        {
            //create "month-level" item
            var month = new BlogEntry { Name = post.DateCreated.ToString("MMMM").ToLink(string.Empty), Parent = currentYear };
            currentYear.Children.Add(month);
            currentMonth = month;
            curMonth = post.DateCreated.Month;
        }
        //create "blog entry level" item
        var blogEntry = new BlogEntry { Name = post.Title.ToLink("/Post/" + post.PostID + "/" + post.Title.ToSeoUrl() ), Parent = currentMonth };
        currentMonth.Children.Add(blogEntry);
    }
    else
    {
        //create "year-level" item
        var year = new BlogEntry { Name = post.DateCreated.Year.ToString().ToLink(string.Empty) };
        entries.Add(year);
        currentYear = year;
        curMonth = post.DateCreated.Month;
        curYear = post.DateCreated.Year;
    }
}

Answer 1

我创建了一个测试示例来检查逻辑的正确性。我认为这就是你需要的。

public class BlogEntyTreeItem
{
   public string Text { set; get; }
   public string URL { set; get; }
   public List<BlogEntyTreeItem> Children { set; get; }
   public List<BlogEntyTreeItem> GetTree()
   {
       NWDataContext db = new NWDataContext();
       var p = db.Posts.ToList();
       var list = p.GroupBy(g => g.DateCreated.Year).Select(g => new BlogEntyTreeItem
       {
           Text = g.Key.ToString(),
           Children = g.GroupBy(g1 => g1.DateCreated.ToString("MMMM")).Select(g1 => new BlogEntyTreeItem
           {
               Text = g1.Key,
               Children = g1.Select(i => new BlogEntyTreeItem { Text = i.Name }).ToList()
           }).ToList()
       }).ToList();
       return list;        
   }
}

Answer 2

使用链接 玩 Linq 分组： GroupByMany ？如何使用 LINQ 对数据进行分层分组中建议？

我首先将我的代码重构为

解决方案 1

var results = from allPosts in db.Posts.OrderBy(p => p.DateCreated)
        group allPosts by allPosts.DateCreated.Year into postsByYear
        select new
        {
            postsByYear.Key,
            SubGroups = from yearLevelPosts in postsByYear
                        group yearLevelPosts by yearLevelPosts.DateCreated.Month into postsByMonth
                        select new
                        {
                            postsByMonth.Key,
                            SubGroups = from monthLevelPosts in postsByMonth
                                           group monthLevelPosts by monthLevelPosts.Title into post
                                           select post
                        }
        };
foreach (var yearPosts in results)
{
    //create "year-level" item
    var year = new BlogEntry { Name = yearPosts.Key.ToString().ToLink(string.Empty) };
    entries.Add(year);
    foreach (var monthPosts in yearPosts.SubGroups)
    {
            //create "month-level" item
        var month = new BlogEntry { Name = new DateTime(2000, (int)monthPosts.Key, 1).ToString("MMMM").ToLink(string.Empty), Parent = year };
        year.Children.Add(month);
        foreach (var postEntry in monthPosts.SubGroups)
        {
            //create "blog entry level" item
            var post = postEntry.First() as Post;
            var blogEntry = new BlogEntry { Name = post.Title.ToLink("/Post/" + post.PostID + "/" + post.Title.ToSeoUrl()), Parent = month };
            month.Children.Add(blogEntry);                       
        }
    }
}

然后变成一个更通用的

解决方案 2

var results = db.Posts.OrderBy(p => p.DateCreated).GroupByMany(p => p.DateCreated.Year, p => p.DateCreated.Month);
foreach (var yearPosts in results)
{
    //create "year-level" item
    var year = new BlogEntry { Name = yearPosts.Key.ToString().ToLink(string.Empty) };
    entries.Add(year);
    foreach (var monthPosts in yearPosts.SubGroups)
    {
            //create "month-level" item
        var month = new BlogEntry { Name = new DateTime(2000, (int)monthPosts.Key, 1).ToString("MMMM").ToLink(string.Empty), Parent = year };
        year.Children.Add(month);
        foreach (var postEntry in monthPosts.Items)
        {
            //create "blog entry level" item
            var post = postEntry as Post;
            var blogEntry = new BlogEntry { Name = post.Title.ToLink("/Post/" + post.PostID + "/" + post.Title.ToSeoUrl()), Parent = month };
            month.Children.Add(blogEntry);
        }
    }
}
................................................
public static class MyEnumerableExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<GroupResult> GroupByMany<TElement>(
        this IEnumerable<TElement> elements,
        params Func<TElement, object>[] groupSelectors)
    {
        if (groupSelectors.Length > 0)
        {
            var selector = groupSelectors.First();
            //reduce the list recursively until zero
            var nextSelectors = groupSelectors.Skip(1).ToArray();
            return
                elements.GroupBy(selector).Select(
                    g => new GroupResult
                    {
                        Key = g.Key,
                        Items = g,
                        SubGroups = g.GroupByMany(nextSelectors)
                    });
        }
        else
            return null;
    }
}
public class GroupResult
{
    public object Key { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable Items { get; set; }
    public IEnumerable<GroupResult> SubGroups { get; set; }
}